Flashcards
Geography Coasts Questions
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1What are the 4 types of erosion?Corrasion
Attrition
Solution
Hydraulic action - 2What does Corrasion involve?Rocks being hurled at the cliff
- 3What does Attrition involve?Rocks banging together to create smaller, more rounded rocks and pebbles
- 4What does Solution ( corrosion ) involve?Salt dissolves the rock like acid
- 5What does Hydraulic Action involve?Water drives air into cracks in the rock, pressure builds up, exploding the crack and forcing bits of rock break off.
- 6What are the 3 main types of Weathering?Chemical
Biological
Physical - 7Examples of Chemical Weathering-rain (mildly acidic)
-oxidation (rock reacts with air)
-hydration (rock swells + expands) - 8Examples of Biological Weathering-bird poo (acidic)
-roots (breaking the rock)
-rabbits etc. (burrowing) - 9Examples of Physical Weathering-freeze thaw (water gets in cracks and freezes)
-haloclasty (salt crystals expand + crack rock) - 10What is the difference between erosion and weathering?No waves involved in weathering
In erosion the material is taken away - 11What is the first stage of cliff erosion?cracks in the headland
- 12After cracks in the headland form, what is the next stage after continued erosion?Sea Cave
- 13What is formed when a sea cave joins the other side?An Arch
- 14What 2 things are left after an arch collapses?Stack and arch collapse material
- 15Once a stack has been eroded further what does it become?A stump
- 16Where is an example of a bay?Swanage
- 17How are headlands and bays formed?
- 18What is SMP short for?Shoreline Management Plan
- 19What does the Shoreline Management Plan involve?hold the line
advance the line
managed realignment
no intervention - 20What are examples of Hard Engineering?Groynes
Sea walls
Rock Armour (rip rap)
gabions
offshore breakwater - 21What are examples of Soft Engineering?beach replenishment
managed retreat - 22Where is an example of managed retreat?Abbots Hall - Essex
- 23Where is an example of Beach Replenishment?Pevensey Bay - East Sussex
- 24What is ICZM short for?Intergrated Costal Zone Management
- 25Who introduced ICZM?The EU
- 26In what steps is ICZM carried out?1. identify ways in which a coastal area is being put under pressure
2. identify ways to reduce the pressures
3. complete recommendations
4. check that they are working - 27What does ICZM protect against?Over development + environmental damage
- 28What are the 6 pressures on the Mediterranean coast?- Sea pollution
-Urbanisation
-Tourism
-Desertification
-Air pollution
-Water Shortages - 29Where is an example of a multi-use coastal area?Southampton
- 30What are the main uses of Southampton?Boating
Cruise Terminals
Fawley Chemical Plant
Exon Mobil Oil Refinery
Calshot Outdoor Activity Centre
Fawly Oil Power station - 31What is the name of the Palm Structure in Dubai? (make sure you can spell it correctly!)Palm Jumeirah
- 32What are some important features on Palm Jumeirah?200 shops
yacting / marinas
1000 + beachside villas and apartments
large high rise luxury hotels - 33Adding various islands to Dubai increased the coastline by... (km)400
- 34Tourism statistics for 1990 in Dubai were at 1 million, how much did they increase by 2014?2014 = 6 million+
- 35What are the 2 main types of waves?Constructive
Destructive - 36Describe Constructive waves...long low waves
stronger swash than backwash
beach builds up
limited erosion - 37Describe Destructive waves...short steep waves
stronger backwash, weaker swash
beach and cliff erodes
higher up rock can become eroded by salt spray - 38What is UNEP short for?United Nations Environment Programme
- 39What was the name of the plan UNEP suggested to create a sustainable future for the Mediterranean?The Blue Plan
- 40What is the aim of the blue plan?Clean up the Mediterranean by 2020
- 41What main points are included in the recommendations for the Blue Plan?Make 10% of all coastal areas protected
Reduce building development + green areas
Develop inland tourism to ease coast
Strict rules to reduce pollution
treat waste water before it is pumped into the sea
encourage renewable energy
develop green areas
encourage water conservation
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- GCSE Geography (Coasts) Flashcards on Geography Coasts Questions, created by becky_e on 10/05/2014.
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