Flashcards
Biology Topic 4.3
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- 1Define biodiversity.1. The variety of species that belong to each group of organisms.
2. The variety of alleles within a species. - 2What are the two names given to each species?The genus and the species name.
This is the binomial system created by Linnaeus. - 3What is the taxonomic hierarchy of groups?Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - 4What are the five kingdoms?Animalia (multicellular eukaryotes that obtain energy by ingesting material from other organisms)
Plantae (multicellular eukaryotes that make their own energy by photosyntheis)
Fungi (multicellular eukaryotes that absorb nutrients from dying matter after external digestion)
Protoctista (eukaryotes that photosynthesise but are not included in other kingdoms e.g. algae)
Prokaryotae (prokaryotic organisms) - 5How are archaea different from bacteria?They have different RNA sequences.
They have no amino sugars in their walls.
They have different membrane lipids. - 6What process do scientists have to go though before their theories become accepted?1. The scientist posts a paper of their theory in a scientific journal.
2. The paper is peer reviewed.
3. New evidence is gathered.
4. The new theory is gradually accepted. - 7What is a phylogenetic tree?A diagram which represents the evolutionary relationships between species found by analysing DNA.
- 8What is convergent evolution?Unrelated organisms evolving a similar appearance as they adapt to similar conditions.
e.g. sharks and dolphins - 9What are the six sources of genetic variation?Gene mutations
Chromosome mutations
Independent assortment
Crossing over
Mate selection
Random fertilisation - 10What is species richness and species evenness?Richness = the number of species present in a given habitat.
Evenness = a measure of biodiversity taking into account the population size of each species. - 11How do we measure species evenness? What do the letters mean?Using the diversity index equation.
N = Total number of organisms in all species.
n = Total number of organisms on each species. - 12What is a biodiversity hotspot?An area with particularly high biodiversity.
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- Edexcel new AS level Biology topic 4.3 Quantifying biodiversity
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- Amy Tourle
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