General Virology notes
33 notes by 18 users
This General Virology page gathers notes on virus background, enteric and respiratory viruses, replication and infection. It is for university students studying these topics and teachers looking for material to use. There are over 30 notes made by more than 10 GoConqr users, mostly at university level. Choose a note to start exploring.
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- Viral Structure and Replication98
- Virus Classification and Genomes25
- DNA Viruses21
- RNA Viruses47
- Bacteriophages29
- Herpesviruses23
- HIV and Retroviruses31
- Influenza Viruses12
- Coronaviruses17
- Viral Infections and Pathogenesis27
- Immune Response and Antiviral Therapy7
- Viral Evolution and Reservoirs7
- Viral Detection and Characterization5
- Prions, Viroids and Other Acellular Agents14
Notes
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Enteric Viruses Enteric Viruses - General Background Structure of Intestinal Epithelium The intestinal epithelium is made up of small tower-like projections called villi. The space between these tower-like projections is called a cry...
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Epstein Barr Virus in Health & Disease Epstein Barr Virus in Health & Disease General: EBV is a double stranded DNA virus or the Herpesviridae family It is also known as human herpesvirus 4 and is a gammaherpesvirus Genome is about 172kbp Primarily c...
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Viruses Viruses First discovered in tobacco Found to be transmissible Not removed by filtration (not bacteria) Must be smaller Virus Small obligate intracellular parasites of translation NB a vi...
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Herpes replication Herpes replication Intro: Herpes is a family of DNA viruses called Herpesviridae. The herpes family of viruses consists of three families of viruses; Alphaherpesviridae, Betaherpesviridae, and Gammaherpesviridae. Amon...
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Herpes Simplex Virus - created from Mind Map 2 Types Maintains high levels of infection through reactivation and shedding Endemic in all populations
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Veterinary Virology DNA structures RNA: The extra -O- in the ribose backbone prevents formation of stable double-helices. ssRNA very unstable and can degraded easily - RNases RNA cannot be directly PCR – Taq polymerase does not ‘read’ dU...
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Respiratory viruses Respiratory viruses Canine distemper virus Cycle Inhalation Cross respiratory mucosa Macrophages? Lymphoid tissue? Blood CNS Epithelial surfaces Virus release Why be pathogenic ? Conventional wisdom...
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TSEs Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies In humans Sporadic CJD Occurs worldwide at an incidence of 1 /1000000 Familial disease Familial CJG Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome 1/10000000 Fatal familial insomnia&...
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Processes within cells How HIV Infects The Body Soft moist mucous membrane is present inside mouth, nose, digestive tract. HIV can reach a Lymphnode in 3 ways: 1. Infectious synapse 2. Dendritic cell endocytoses it and exocytose...
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Ebola What is Ebola? Ebola virus got its name from the Ebola river, a small river in the Congo Occurs naturally across sub-Saharan Africa One strain lives in the Philippines Outbreaks in humans have been known for many year...
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Animal papillomaviruses Structure: small double stranded DNA viruses non-enveloped (no lipid layer) Caspid (L1 and L2 proteins) - protein layer on surface Characteristic shape - star shaped structures on the surface (...
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Virus Background acellular agents: cannot carry out any metabolic pathways cannot grow or respond to environment cannot reproduce independently virus: minuscule acellular infectious agent one or several pieces of nucleic acid - either...
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Intro Viruses - nucleic acid contained within a protective protein coat *viruses are not affected by antibiotics and cannot replicate outwith a cellular environment (if antibiotics are used to treat viral infection, i...
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immunity to viral infection - created from Mind Map what a pathogen do? infect a host reproduce (replicate) itself ensure that its progeny is transmitted to another host STEP attach to specific cell by binding of receptor on cell by antigen of virus penetrate into the ...
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BACTERIOPHAGE VIRUS Multiply within bacteria eg. E.Coli Isocohedral head and helical tail Contain DNA Phage rep time: 20-40 mins (50-200) Lytic Cycle: Virus goes inside, multiplys and releaseLysogenic Cycle: Virus DNA becomes p...
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HCV and DENV Hepatitis General Background infection in hepatocytes blood-borne infection chronic infection leads to disease 2-26 week incubation period Acute Symptoms 80% of the time its asy...
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Acute and Persistent infection Pathogenesis of Acute vial infection Features: rapid on set high vireamia short and severe immune clearance Infection timeline Incubation period: it takes time for the symptoms to occur a...
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Viral Evolution Genetic Variation: viruses evolve because their gene pool changes over time, allowing them to evolve faster than the host. the rate of evolution ...
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Intro 3 viral disease is dynamic - capacity for viruses to change *viruses can adapt and change much faster than vaccines/vaccine design Companion animals and race horses - travel world + increase spread Shi...
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Retroviruses and cancer Reverse transcriptase copies the single stranded retroviral RNA genome found in virions to a double stranded DNA copy (the provirus) Life cycle: Binding to surface receptors Entry, uncoating Re...
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Morbilliviruses Morbilliviruses: viruses that cause rashes - common feature of viral infection in humans: measles animals: ridnerpest, CDV etc. Measles: quite common Rinderpest: cattle plague...
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Key ideas Key ideas: origins: - RNA viruses preceded DNA viruses: RNA has no proofreading more errors (DNA evolved proofreading, less errors) - high mutations in RNA viruses give rise to quasispeciesantigenic shift: - slow accu...
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Immunity to lentiviruses APOBECS - family of proteins (cytidine deaminases) - innate immunity Lentiviruses have protein they use specifically to block APOBECS Viral particle infects cell with APOBECS and cause the cells to make mi...
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FIV receptor interactions Feline immunodeficiency virus causes an AIDS like illness in cats Expansion of lymph nodes and a range of other clinical signs First step in viral replication is binding to the surface receptor - once boun...
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GIT VIRUSES - created from Mind Map Rotavirus Enterovirus Adenovirus F (40,41)
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HIV (Drug Resistance & HAART) HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. HIV is an RNA virus with high mutation rate & evolves rapidly. It has a 52-hour lifecycle to mutate; not all mutations are beneficial. &n...
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RESPIRATORY VIRUSES - created from Mind Map Influenza virus Coronavirus Rhinovirus
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BLOOD-BORNE VIRUSES - created from Mind Map Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / Lentivirus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C virus
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Baltimore System 3 Main Factors of the Baltimore System: a. DNA / RNA material b. genetic material is single or double stranded &nbs...
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Virus glycoprotein
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Bacteriophage & Cell Infection Bacteriophage: only uses bacteria to replicate Recognition: the virus possesses proteins on its surface that fit precisely with receptors on the host cell. This recognition step is crucial for the virus to...
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Virus Injury - created from Mind Map Intracellular Direct Cytopathic Effect Cell Transformation
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HIV Structure and Life Cycle
More General Virology resources
About general virology notes
GoConqr OriginalWhat the General Virology notes cover
The notes range from general introductions to resources on particular viruses and processes. Viruses introduces viral strategies for survival, infection and persistence. Virus Background describes viruses as acellular agents. Enteric Viruses includes background on the intestinal epithelium, while Respiratory viruses offers another topic to explore.
Other notes focus on replication, infection and viral change. Herpes replication, Acute and Persistent infection and Viral Evolution give you several routes through the unit. HIV Structure and Life Cycle is an option if you want to focus on a particular virus.
How to use the notes
Start with Virus Background for an overview, then choose a more specific note. After reading, write down the points you want to revisit and check them against the text. If you want to test recall or see a topic laid out differently, switch to a quiz, flashcards or a mind map on the unit page.
Pick a topic and work through the notes at your own pace.
Frequently asked questions
Which note is a useful place to start?
Virus Background is a starting point because it describes viruses as acellular agents. You could follow it with Viruses, which introduces strategies for survival, infection and persistence. From there, choose a note on a particular virus or process that matches the topic you are studying.
What topics do the notes cover?
The collection includes general background as well as notes on enteric and respiratory viruses. You can also find Herpes replication, Viral Evolution and HIV Structure and Life Cycle. The titles offer different ways into the unit, whether you are reviewing a broad topic or looking for something more specific.
Are these notes free to use?
Yes. Every resource listed here is free to open and study without an account. The notes were made by GoConqr users, rather than by GoConqr. A free account also lets you save quiz scores and make your own quizzes, mind maps, flashcards and notes.