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Exam 1
Fichas del conjunto (33)
- 1Headright SystemThe Virginia Company slowly realized that for the colony to survive it would have to abandon everything and just grow food. Instead of retaining all the land for itself, the company introduced the headright system, awarding fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage. So anyone who brought in a sizable number of servants would immediately acquire a large estate.
- 2House of Burgesses (1619)VA company turned political control of the colony over to the new colonial land owners through the creation of the House of Burgesses, the first elected assembly in B.N.A.
- 3Treaty of TordesillasPapal treaty settling dispute between Spain and Portugal over control of land in the Americas. Divided the world (outside of Western Europe) between the two nations.
- 4Aztec empireEmpire centered in the heart of the Valley of Mexico
Aztecs were know for military power, but grew the size of their empire through intermarriage
At its height the empire controlled 55 city-states beyond the valley
Politically controlled empire through system of indirect rule
New subjects (19 million) had to pay tribute taxes to centralized government - 5Incan EmpireEmpire centered in present day Peru
Known for vast silver deposits
Empire spanned over 2,500 miles and contained over 10 million subjects
Politically bureaucratic in structure (subjects organized into smaller groups, who reported to local officials, who reported to sub-governors, who reported to governors, who reported to the emperor
Empire divided into 80 provinces
Especially known for system of historical record keeping (births/deaths) using knotted chords - 6Portuguese CaravelUpward Fore
Upward Aft
Lateen Sail
Stern Rudder - 7Christopher Columbus' voyageVoyages mark a major flash point in World History
Birth of the “Modern Era”
Contact between “Old” and “New” World - 8The Columbian ExchangeTerm describes the ecological exchange between the old world (Spanish Conquistadors) and the new world (Native Americans)
Plant Life: “Old World” received benefit of potatoes, pumpkins, squash, peanuts, corn
Animal Life: “New World” received benefit of cattle, horses, pigs
Disease: Native American population decline (small pox, measles, flu) - 9RenaissanceBirth of the Renaissance (1350-1550)
Humanistic intellectual movement
The “dignity of man”
First begins in Italian Port Cities (Venice, Pisa, Genoa)
Provided the intellectual curiosity to explore the larger world! - 10Age of ExplorationThe Development of Naval Technology:
Effort to incorporate naval technology driven by desire to find trade routes that circumnavigated Islamic Merchants
Beginning of the European Age of Exploration - 11Factors motivating British North American colonization (National & Individual)Motives for Colonization (The People)
Individual persons had a different sent of factors motivating them to move across the Atlantic Ocean and restart life in the British North American colonies.
Factors driving individual migration:
Personal economic gain
Land Scarcity;
“Enclosure Movement” (fencing in of private and public lands);
Population growth: 3 million in 1550 to 4 million in 1600
Political Instability (Catholic/Protestant conflict)
Religious Freedom
Escape Marriages
Prison Conviction - 12Virginia Company1603 Queen Elizabeth I issues charter to Virginia Company (a joint stock company) to establish colony
- 13Enclosure MovementThousands of people were uprooted from the land. Many flooded into England's cities. Others, denounced by authorities as rouges, vagabonds, and vagrants, wandered the roads in search of work
- 14Indentured ServantsVoluntarily surrendered their freedom for a specified time (usually five to seven years) in exchange for passage to America.
- 15CongregationalismGovernment and Society in Massachusetts
Congregationalist system - organized into self-governing townships where church was key religious and political institution.
Each town had a Congregational Church & school
Land given to men for free (family, militia service, minister’s salary
Public education to Harvard College was established in 1636 - 16Establishment of Colonial MDThe Maryland Experiment:
Maryland was established in 1632 as a proprietary colony under Cecilius Calvert.
The charter granted Calvert “full, free, and absolute power.”
Safe haven for Catholics and sons of Catholic merchants
Catholics and Protestants could co-exists
Leadership positions were give to Catholics
Majority of MD population was Protestant
Established a colonial assembly in 1635
Death rates high – 70% die before age 50; 50% of Children born in MD die before adulthood
Development heavily influenced by VA - 17Massachusetts Bay CompanyFounded by a group of London merchants who hoped to further the Puritan cause and turn a profit through trade with the Indians.
- 18John SmithSaved the colony (jamestown). Imposed a regime of forced labor on company lands. "He that will not work, shall not eat," Smith said.
- 19PilgrimsThe Pilgrims (Plymouth) 1621:
Lutherans
Salvation through faith & congregational worship
Colony in the Netherlands in 1608 - 20Mayflower CompactThe first written frame of government in what is now the United States
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Pilgrim leaders drew up the Mayflower Compact, in which the adult men going ashore agreed to obey "just and equal laws" enacted by representatives of their own choosing. - 21John WinthropFirst governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- 22PuritansEnglish religious group that sough to purify the Church of England: founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630.
- 23QuakersReligious group in England and America whose members believed all persons possessed the "inner light" or spirit of God; they were early proponents of abolition of slavery and equal rights for women. A number of followers of Anne Hutchinson became Quakers.
- 24Bacon's RebillionUnsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel against governor William Berkeley's administration because of governmental corruption and because Berkeley had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids and did not allow to occupy Indian lands.
- 25JamestownSite in 1607 of the first permanent English settlement in the New World.
- 26EnlightenmentRevolution in thought in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason and science over the authority of traditional religion
- 27Navigation ActPassed by the English Parliament to control colonial trade and bolster the mercantile system, 1650-1675, enforcement of the acts led to growing resentment by colonists
- 28MercantilismPolicy of Great Britain and other imperial powers of regulating the economies of colonies to benefit the mother country
- 29Great AwakeningFervent religious revival movement in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread through out the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and English revivalist George Whitefield.
- 30RepublicanismPolitical theory in eighteenth-century England and America that celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens as central freedom
- 31Salutary Neglectdescribes a circumstance in which the British Parliament took hands off approach towards governing the American colonies
Salutary Neglect was a consequence of:
colonial wars
eastern imperialism
Significance:
The reality of Salutary Neglect made the colonial assembly the most important branch of government for the colonial citizen
Salutary Neglect help to create a tradition of self-governance within the colonies, especially related to tax legislation - 32John LockeJohn Locke (1632-1704) – Two Treatises of Government (1689),
Dispel the notion of the “Divine Rights of Kings”
Introduces concept of the “natural rights of men”
Governments exist to protect natural rights. - 33Jean RousseauJean Rousseau (1712-1778) – The Social Contract (1762),
The “social contract” is best structure to protect the natural rights
The valid as long as the government maintains the ability to protect those rights.
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