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Britain Review
Fichas del conjunto (126)
- 1What were the results of the 1906 election?Liberals (49%) - 401 seats
Conservatives (43.6%)
Labour (6%) - 2Who were the key figures of New Liberalism?Green - social reform = freedom
Hobson - under-consumption
Hobhouse - collectivism and state intervention - 3What were the ideals of New Liberalism?A 'safety net' for those who need it
Limited State Intervention
Higher taxation
Rejected Laissez-faire - 4Name the 3 motivations behind New Liberalism.Booth and Rowntree
National Efficiency and International Primacy
Taking the working class vote - 5Who led the Labour Party in 1906?Keir Hardie
- 6Which Acts weakened the Labour Party in 1906-14?1906 Trade Disputes
1909 Osbourne Judgement - MPs no longer paid by Trade Unions
Mr Balfour's poodles still controlled Government policy - 7What percentage of exports came from staple industries in 1913?60%
- 8How did the growth of staple industries compare to new industries?2% growth annually compared to 3.8% in new industries
- 9What was the growth of each of the three new industries annually?Motor Vehicle - 6.6%
Electrical Engineering - 2.6%
Chemicals - 8.8% - 10How many were employed in the agricultural sector in 1906-14? How does this compare to 185010%
1.4 million compared to 2 million in 1850 - 11How much of the world's trade did Britain own in 1914?25%
- 12What percentage of goods were exported in the 1910s?30%
- 13What percentage of British wealth was from overseas investment in 1913?32%
- 14What was type of wage economy was Britain's?A low wage economy
- 15How did the British coal industry compare to America in the 1910s?1914 - 8% of coal mechanically cut compared to 25% of US coal in 1900
- 16What trading policy did Britain hold at this time?Free trade
- 17What were the percentages of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers?Skilled - 9.6%
Semi-skilled - 34.3%
Unskilled - 28.7% - 18How many domestic servants were there in 1906?1.3 million
- 19How many miners were there in 1906?1 million
- 20When did Booth conduct his research and what were his findings?1889
30.7% - 21When did Rowntree conduct his research and what were his findings?1901
28% - 22What was the People's Budget referred to as?The war budget
- 23When was the Children's Charter implemented? What did it do?1908
illegal to sell alcohol and tobacco to a child
protection from abuse
juvenile courts - 24When was the Workmen's Compensation Act? What did it do?1906
Compensation for illness
Hard to prove - 25When was the Merchant's Shipping Act? What did it do?1908
Better accomodation
Only British ships - 26When was the Shop's Act? What did it do?1911
Weekly half-day holiday
Other days could be extended - 27When was the Coal Mine's Act? What did it do?1911
Eight hour day
Still dangerous - 28How many were covered under National Insurance?13 million of 45 million
- 29What was the name of the act that reduced the House of Lord's power?Parliament Act (1911)
- 30How many members did the NUWSS have by 1914?500,000
- 31Give some examples of militant actions of the WSPUBlack Friday in 1910
In 1913, the Cat and Mouse Act was introduced and Emily Davison dies - 32What force did the Ulster Unionists form?They formed the Ulster Volunteer force to resist Parliament
- 33What did each party believe about Home Rule?The Liberals were dependent on the Irish Nationalists after 1910 and proposed the Home Rule Bill in 1912 Conservatives opposed it 3rd Home Rule Bill passed in 1914 but halted by outbreak of war
- 34What happened in the Curragh Mutiny?British Soldiers refused to fight Ulster Unionists (1914)
- 35What policies were implemented to deal with trade unions?The Trade Disputes Act of 1906 severely inhibited striking
1913 Trade Union Act reversed Osborne judgment
1914 - formation of the Triple
Alliance - 36How many members did Trade Unions have by 1914?4.1 million
- 37During what time was the 'Great Unrest'?1910-4
- 38Name 3 strikes that occurred during the 'Great Unrest'?1910 miner's strike (3 killed)
1911 docker's strike (3 killed)
National rail strike - 39When did Britain declare war on Germany?4th August 1914
- 40What date was DORA introduced?8th August 1914
- 41How did the Shell Crisis affect the structure of the government?Led to a coalition between Asquith, Bonar Law, Carson, and Henderson
Lloyd George became Minister of Munitions and in 1916 Secretary of War (following Kitchener) - 42What were Labour's beliefs about the war?Opposed
MacDonald resigned
Henderson fixed rent prices - 43What led to Labour leaving the coalition in 1917? What did this also cause them to do?They were barred from the Stockholm conference in 1917
They created a new socialist constitution - 44What policies were put in place by the coalition government (LG and BL)?1918 Education Act
1919 Housing Act
1920 Unemployment Act
1920 Agriculture Act
1921 - Geddes' Axe (15% cuts) - 45What three reasons led to Lloyd George's resignation?Economic Depression
Honours Scandal
Chanak Affair - 46What were the results of the 1922 election?Conservatives (330)
Labour (142)
Liberal (116) - 47How did industry change in response to the Shell Crisis of 1915? (3)The Ministry of Munitions banned strikes for munitions workers
Nationalisation of coal, docks, and railways
BST introduced - 48How did spending change from 1913 to 1918?£200 million to £2600 million
- 49How did food prices and employment change?Decrease in unemployment
Food prices rose by 10% - 50What percentage of landed estates were sold between 1917-21?25%
- 51What policies did the coalition government put in place to create a 'Home fit for Heroes'Addison built 200,000 houses by 1921 and cleared slums
BUT
There was a shortage of 800.000 houses cut by Geddes' Axe in 1921 - 52How were the four staple industries affected by the post-war industry?Steel and Shipping - no longer needed in large quantities
Textiles and Coal - lost to overseas competition - 53How many trade union members were there by 1919?8 million
- 54What happened at Clydeside in 1919?The government sent tanks to reduce strikes due to a fear of Communism
- 55What did the Sankey Commission recommend in 1919?Nationalization to continue, better wages and longer hours
This was rejected by the Conservatives - 56What happened on Black Friday in 1921?There had been an agreement for coal miners, dockers and railway workers to go on strike but on coal miners did, they were defeated
- 57How many days had been lost to strikes by 1921?86 million
- 58How many men left the workforce during WW1? How many women joined the workforce and what proportion were they?6 million men
1 million women - 1/3 of the workforce - 59How many shell workers were women in 1918?80%
- 60What four industries did women join during WW1?Nursing
Transport
Banking
Agriculture - 61What did the Sex Disqualification Act 1919 do?Opened up the civil service and jury to women
- 62What were the two issues with gender inequality in WW1?Percentage of women workers receded to pre-war figures
Paid less than men - 63What happened to the coal mines after WW1 (3)?1921 - end of coal nationalisation
Owners cut wages (20% less wages than in 1914) and increased hours
Attempted General Strike - on Black Friday they went alone - 64How many conscientious objectors were arrested and how many were imprisoned? How many took a non-combatant role?6312 arrested
5970 imprisoned
10,000 non-combatant roles - 65How many were killed in WW1 out of the 6 million?750,000
- 66How many volunteered during WW1?2.5 million
- 67Who led the Easter Rising?Irish Volunteers
- 68How many were wounded, imprisoned and killed by British troops during the Easter Rising?2600 wounded
450 died
3000 imprisoned - 69How many members did Sinn Fein have by 1917?250,000
- 70How many seats did Sinn Fein win in Parliment?73 but they refused to take them
- 71What did Sinn Fein do in 1919?Set up the Dail with De Valera as president
- 72What did the Irish Volunteers become?IRA
- 73What was the British response to the War of Independence?Made Sinn Fein illegal
Sent in the Black and Tans - Bloody Sunday 1920 - 74How many had died by 1921 due to the war of independence?1000
- 75What date was the Anglo-Irish treaty signed?11th July 1921
- 76What did the Anglo-Irish Treaty do?Government of Ireland Act (1920) was put in place, meaning the 6 Ulster Counties were to be self-governed
- 77What were the three reasons the Liberal party were falling behind?FPTP and Labour
Divisions between Asquith and LG
Lack of funding - 78What was the consequence of the mandate in 1923?Hung parliament and a vote of no confidence, leading to Baldwin's resignation
- 79What role did Snowden play in the 1924 government?Chancellor of the Exchequer
- 80What role did Wheatley play in the 1924 government?Health Minister
- 81What two main policies were implemented in the 1924 government?Dawes plan (1924)
Housing Act - 500,000 built by 1933 - 82What led to the collapse of the Labour government?TSOC:
Zinoviev letter
Campbell Case
£30 million in loans to Russia - 83What role did Churchill and Chamberlain play in the 1925 government?Churchill was Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chamberlain was Minister of Health - 84What 4 economic policies were implemented under the 1925 government?Gold Standard
National Insurance Act of 1925
Widow's pension
National Grid established - 85What 2 political policies were implemented under the 1925 government?Local Governments Act of 1929
RPA 1928 - 86How had the Motor industry changed?Production had tripled by 1920, creating 1 million new jobs
- 87How many had been killed in the coal industry from 1922-4?3603
- 88What was Red Friday?Baldwin providing subsidies for coal for 9 months after privatisation
- 89How did Baldwin respond to the General Strike?Under the Emergency Powers Act of 1920, he set up the OMS (Organisation of the Maintainance of Supplies)
- 90What date was the General Strike called off?12th May 1926
- 91What percentage of people were unemployed in the 1920s?10-15%
- 92What were the unemployment regional differences?Staples struggled in Scotland, Wales and the NW and NE
Growth of new industries in London and the Midlands - 93Which act allowed women to divorce based purely on the reason of adultery?1923 Matrimonial Causes Act
- 94Which act allowed women joint custody of their children?Guardianship of Infants Act
- 95Which act allowed women to own property on the same terms as men?1926 New English Law of Property
- 96What percentage of women were MPs in the 1920s?5%
- 97What prevented women from working after marriage?The Marriage Bar
- 98How many radio licenses were there by 1930?8 million
- 99When was the remembrance poppy introduced?1922
- 100How did people feel about war after WW1?Remembrance - war memorials and remembrance day established
Criticism - support for disarmament and the League of Nations - 101How much did the electorate increase by after the RPA?2.2 million
- 102What was the Conservative slogan during the 1929 election?Saftey first
- 103What was the Liberal slogan during the 1929 election?Conquering unemployment
- 104What was the Labour slogan during the 1929 election?Socialist Commonwealth
- 105What was Lansbury's role in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Works Minister
- 106What was Henderson in charge of in the 1929 Labour cabinet?The Foreign Office
- 107What was Bondfield's role in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Labour Minister
- 108Who was Chancellor of the Exchequer in the 1929 Labour Cabinet?Snowden
- 109When was the Housing Act put in place under the National Government? What did it do?1930
Gave subsidies to housebuilders - 110When was the Coal mines Act implemented under the National Government? What did it do?1930
Working day reduced to 7.5 hours - 111Name the two agricultural acts put in place by the National government.Land Utilisation Act
Agricultural Marketing Act - 112When was the London Transportation Bill implemented under the National Government? What did it do?1931
Put public transport in the hands of a public corporation - 113How were export values and unemployment affected by the Wall Street Crash?50% decrease in value
3 million unemployed - 114What event caused the proposal of budget cuts in the 1929 Labour government? How did the Cabinet and Trade Unions react?Banking crisis in 1931
Cabinet would only accept £56 million in cuts and Trade Unions rejected all cuts - 115What was the 1931 election referred to as?The Doctor's Mandate
- 116What two economic policies were put in place under the National Government?Off Gold Standard
Means Testing - 117Name the 3 Industrial acts put in place rby the National Government.Special Areas Act (1932)
Factory Act (1937)
Holidays with pay Act (1938) - 118How much gold was being withdrawn per day in 1931?£2.5 million
- 119What did the May Report estimate the deficit would be?£120 million
- 120When did the Governor of the Bank of England suspend the Gold Standard? How did this affect the pound?September 1931
Falls in value by 20% - 121What was the 'Cheap money' scheme?1932
2% interest on loans to encourage borrowing - 122What cuts did Snowden make?10% of unemployment benefits and public salaries
- 123When was the Import Duties Act? What did it do?1932
10% tariff
Dominions had an imperial preference (Ottawa conference) - 124How did the National government tackle industrial issues?Closed less competitive mines, mills and shipyards (less competition but more unemployment)
- 125How did trade in 1933 compare to 1929?1/3
- 126How much did the price of wheat drop by? What did the cause farmers to do?50%
Lost arable land in favour of more profitable meat and dairy industry
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- A level (British Overview) History Fichas sobre Britain Review, creado por Bethany Barnes el 11/11/2019.
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- Bethany Barnes
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