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Expectancy/experimenter effects
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- 1Clever Hans - The Mathematical Horse- Could understand German & solve mathematical problems > would indicate numbers by clopping his hood on the ground
- Psychologist Oskar Pfungst discovered that Han would watch his trainer to figure out when to stop clopping
- When the trainer was removed = Hans lost all accuracy - 2Examples of studies with experimenter effects- Rosenthal & Fode (1963) > "maze dull" vs. "maze bright" rats
- Rosenthal & Jacobson (1963) > "ready to bloom" vs. not - 3Rosenthal & Jacobson (1963)- Average of 20% of children from 18 classes were assigned to experimental condition
- Names were given to teacher & told their test scores for intellectual blooming showed unusual gain during the year
- Children in the experimental condition = showed greater increase in IQ score compared to control group (sig after a t-test) - 4How can you prevent experimenter effects?The experimenter being blind to the experimental condition:
- Having a research assistant run the study
- Blinded study = participants don't know which condition they're in
- Double-blinded study = participant & experimenter don't know which condition they're in - 5Which study compared blinded & non-blinded studies?Holman et al. (2015)
Meta-analysis showing smaller statistical effects when experimenters were blinded
= result of experimenter effects
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- (PS1813 - Research methods) Psychology Fichas sobre Expectancy/experimenter effects, creado por Sian Allen el 29/05/2022.
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- Sian Allen
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