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Classical Conditioning
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- 1LearningThe process of gaining, through experience, relatively permanent information and behaviors
- 2What are 3 ways in which learning can occur?Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning
- 3Classical ConditioningA type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response (involuntary)
- 4StimulusAnything in the environment that one can respond to
- 5Responseany behavior or reaction
- 6Unconditioned Stimulus (US)A stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically
- 7Unconditioned Response (UR)An automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
- 8Conditioned Stimulus (CS)A previously neutral stimulus that, through learning, gains the power to cause a response
- 9AquisitionThe process of developing a learned response
- 10Extinctionthe diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone
- 11Ivan PavlovRussian physiologist and learning theorist famous for the discovery of classical conditioning
Experimented on dogs; dogs would salivate at the sight and sound of anything associated with food - 12GeneralizationProducing the same response to two similar stimuli
The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response - 13Discriminationthe ability to distinguish between two signals or stimuli and produce different responses
- 14behaviorismthe theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes
- 15John Watsonthe founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes
- 16Little Albert Experiment11-month old infant; Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned him to be frightened of white rats
- 17Robert RescorlaDeveloped, alone with colleague Allan Wagner, a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning
- 18Taste AversionJohn Garcia, Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea
Biologically predisposed to conditioning - 19Operant ConditioningA type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior
- 20Operant ConditioningWill increase if the consequence is reinforcing to the subject
- 21Operant ConditioningWill decrease if the consequence is not reinforcing to the subject
- 22Edward ThorndikeAuthor of the law of effect, the principle that forms the basis of operant conditioning
Información
- Descripción
- Unit 4: Development and Learning -- Module 16: Classical Conditioning
- Creado por
- KENNEDY GROW
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- 10
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