Fichas
population
Fichas del conjunto (40)
- 1factors affecting birth rate-demographics
-education(knowledge of contraception)-religion(catholic encourage large fam)
-social customs(woman marrying later
-diet and health
-politics (wars- men sent to fight) - 2TFRno of children a woman can expect to have based on current birth rates
- 3uk dtmBR-1780 children in factories
1914 world war 1
DR-1789 smallpox vaccination
1912 local councils treat TB - 4population pyramid interpretationtriangle=rapid growth
square=slow growth
upside down triangle=negative growth
height is life expectancy
slope indicates DR
KINKS dramatic reductions in BR or increase in DR - 5dependency rationo of children below 15 and elderly above 65
DIVIDE
no of people of working age
multiple by 100 - 6internal migrationmigration within a country or an area
- 7international migrationmigration from one country to another country
- 8forced migrationmoving away from home due to a dangerous, violent situation
- 9push factors forced migration-wars causing refugees
poverty
racial discrimination
starvation
forced labour/slavery
religious persecution
natural disasters
threat of disease - 10pull factors voluntary migrationbetter climate
better housing
better health care/education/employment/high wages
improved prospects
clean/safe environment
with friends/relatives
entertainment - 11problems in cities within developing countriesunemployment
overcrowding
overpopulation
lack of sanitation
higher crime rates
fire threats as houses are close together
no sewage or rubbish system - 12urbanisationthe process of urban growth that leads to a greater % of the population living in towns and cities
- 13counter urbanisationthe process of people leaving major towns and cities
TYPE 1: people move out of towns and cities into smaller towns
TYPE 2:people move out of town and cities into rural areas - 14ageing populationUK:'baby boomers'- late 50s early 60s
healthcare, schools closed down, decling pop
JAPAN:highest life expectancy in the world
gap between BR and DR - 15negative aspects of an ageing population-increasing pressure on health resources
-greater support services needed
-increased housing segregation
-average retirement age is under review to increase again
-pensioners becoming poorer relative to rest of society
-tax and national insurance contributions are increasing - 16positives aspects of an ageing population-people becoming healthier off sets healthcare costs
-retired people continue to pay income tax
-grey vote has become important to political parties
-purchasing power increased grey pound
tourism amongst ageing pop is increasing SAGA
-wider leisure services available
-increased employment B&Q HOMEBASE
-retirement saving rate increases - 17CHINA's pop before 1 child policyunsustainable
widespread famine late 50s
36million died of starvation
not sufficient resources to support chinas growing pop - 18problem with the 1 child policythere was a gender imbalance 117men to 100 women
women forced into abortion and sterilisation
female infanticide
little emperors
lack of brides=human trafficking - 19HAITI background informationLEDC=poorest country in western hemisphere
80% of pop in poverty
suffers from hurricanes, flooding, earthquakes
pop:8.1 million
over population
stage 2 - 20HAITI ProblemsHaiti have population pressure resulting from overpopulation
-highest incidence of HIV/Aids in latin America and the Caribbean 300,000 cases
-diseases such as TB spreading
-poor health care and infrastructure - 21HAITI solutions-sun oven reduced fuel need
-afforestation (food source, reduced soil erosion )
-nitrogen fixers (increase soil fertility - 22CHINA's one child policy1979
INCENTIVITES:free health care, education,cash bonuses, better pay, longer maternity leave
DISINCENTIVES:fined, loss of benefits,other children=no identity, granny police, loss of jobs - 23CHINAanti-natalist
aims to encourage less births
CAUSES:lack of education, more kids to work on farms, communist in 1949, people wanted boys
IMPACTS- not enough resources to keep people alive
POLICY:later marriages, wait until 25 to marry, end of 70s fertility halved - 24problems with the one child policy-gender imbalance 117:100
-forced abortion
-lack of brides
-female infanticide
-little emperors
-generation of spoilt brats, excessive feeding leading to obesity - 25France-pro natalist
-aims to encourage births through incentives
decline infertility:female careers, disposable income, people ageing in general - 26France IMPACTSlack of economically active people=strain on economy, age pop, pop decline
mums are offered cash incentives, incentives to stay at home, given subsidised holidays, contraceptives banned (until 1967) - 27anti-natalistChina
- 28Iranian women changing population structureURBAN REVOLUTION:67% now live in urban areas, used to have 8 childrens, now only 2
EDUCATION REVOLUTION:more educated on health and family planning, more women than men in uni
WORKING REVOLUTION:harder to find childcare in city, career driven
MIGRATION REVOLUTION:want to access western lifestyle - 29POLAND to UK migration impacts on Polandless people in country=less stress on resources-wages sent to Poland
BUT
less workers (skilled) in Poland, less of entrepreneurial sprit - 30POLAND TO UK migration impacts on uk positives£2.5bn to uk economy
80% immigrants economically active
multi-cultural - 31POLAND TO UK migration impacts on uk negativesexploitation of workers
racism
36,000 applied for child benefits
stress on NHS
high demand for housing
many wages sent back to Poland
POLITICAL ISSUES: high immigrant control demands, BNP increase - 32POLAND to Uk migration causes2005: unemployment in Poland 18.5% and youth unemployment 40%
unemployment in UK 5%
higher GDP in UK
skill shortage for labourers
no immigrant restriction from Europe - 33UGANDA Youthful population94 men:100 women
pregnancy+marriage=drop out of school
malaria+respiratory probs=main health issues
HIV/AIDS=big problems in UGANDA
2007:50% pop under 15, 3% over 65
fertility rate=6
life expectancy=59
lack of knowledge on health and family planning - 34what does the Lorenz curve showphysical spread or distribution of people over an area
- 35uses for DTM-to predict population of a country and how it could change over time
-comparison between MEDCS and LEDCS
-reliable for the UK indicating overall reliability - 36limitations of DTM-influence countries may have on eachother isn't taken into account eg war
-some don't go through all stages
-no time scale
-no migration included
-doesn't take into account HIV/AIDS - 37MALTHUS pessimist1800s
negative checks:people have to have less children
Positive checks:more people have to die, war, famine, drought - 38BOSERUP optimist1960s- said food supply would increase to accommodate for population growth
- 39BykerNCL city center
8220 people
redevelopment=bykerwall
93% white
54% good health
2094 level E social grade
2820 have no qualifications
29.2% between 25-44
21% U16
61.8% have no car
13.5% unemployed
high crime - 40Longhorsley1495 people
commuter, rural area, large, traditional familt housing
97% white
74% good health
422 A/B social grade
20% U16
1.46% unemployed
£650 average income
pub, park, hair salon, sandwich
elderly and families
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- A-Level Geography Fichas sobre population , creado por las1365 el 13/03/2016.
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- las1365
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