Fichas
Modern China Midterm
Fichas del conjunto (58)
- 1What were some of the causes of China's instability/crisis?1) opium usage
2) outflow of silver
3) smuggling of salt- usually gov. owned but control in gov is weak and corrupt
4) overpopulation
5) rebellions
6) Banner armies = corrupt - 2Who was Heshen and what effect did he have on the White Lotus Rebellion?Heshen is a man who was trusted by emperor Qianlong to stop the White Lotus Rebellion. He prolonged the war by using money that was supposed to campaign against the rebellion and pocketed it for him and his friends. Qianlong ended up passing and Heshen was sought out under emperor Jialing to be arrested and forced to commit suicide.
- 3Who was the leader of the White Lotus Rebellion and what did he believe/practice?Wang Lun - practiced White Lotus Folk Buddhism "Eternal Venerable Mother"
- 4Cause: Heshen pocketed the money used to campaign against White Lotus Rebellion...the effect is?Effect: Troops had to take money from the Chinese
- 5What is the bigger picture behind the Taiping, White Lotus and rebellion of Lin Qing?These rebellions (especially the taiping) are what set up the early 1900 uprisings (Boxer Rebellion). They helped show that the Chinese people were crying for Nationalism and a quick reform. This also helped contribute to the fall of the Qing Empire.
- 6Who were the Triads?The Triads were a group of men (and women) who did blood oaths and rituals. They were against the Qing Empire and wanted to see the rise of the Ming...they did not accomplish this and only committed robberies and kidnappings.
- 7What role did Lin Zexu play in the Triads?He led and encouraged Triad groups to fight in/defend Canton against the foreigners
- 8Who was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion?Hong Xiuqan
- 9Who dreamed he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, sent to reform China?Hong Xiuquan?
- 10How did the Taiping Rebellion form?Hong's friend Feng, used his Christian teachings and developed a group called the God Worshippers Society. Hong later joined them and formed the Rebellion. He then declared his new dynasty, Taiping Tianguo (Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace).
- 11What city in China did Hong and the rebels take and named it Tianjin?Nanjing
- 12True or False: Hong and the rebels captured Beijing.False: They failed
- 13Who stopped the Taiping Rebellion?Zeng Guofan: He surrounded Nanjing and the city fell
- 14What do the Chinese Communists and Chinese Nationalists link their origins from?The Taiping Rebellion
- 15Cause: Because the foreigners helped the Chinese fight in the Taiping Rebellion...Effect: The British forced the Chinese to renegotiate their Nanjing Treaty.
- 16In what document do the British demand the Chinese for: 1) Access to all of China 2) A British minister in Beijing 3) Legalizing Opium 4) Can't use "yi" meaning barbarian for BritsThe Treaty of Tianjin
- 17Why did the British burn the Chinese summer Palace?Because the Chinese refused to renegotiate the treaty
- 18What did Feng Guifen believe were the 4 areas that the foreigners were better at?1) Close bond between ruler and subject
2) Exploiting/Use of land and resources
3) Words matching their actions
4) Having strong military forces - 19What was Zeng Guofan's philosophy in times of restoration?3 Confucian Truths
1) Moral principle and personal ethical value in education
2) Textual scrutiny and rigor through kaozheng
3) Practical learning of statecraft thinkers to build a sound administration - 20How did Zeng think the "spiritual collapse of the Qing" could be fixed? (hint: RACES)1) Rebuild schools
2) Strict Confucian curriculum (no selling of degrees)
3) Restore order in agricultural work
4) Careful interviews to pick staff members (no funding available)
5) Effective use of foreign technologies - 21What was the purpose of the Zongli Yamen?It was to help regulate the management of the business of foreign affairs. It was also to help them have a strong foreign policy system
- 22What was the Zongli Yamen made up of?5 senior supervising official
and
24 secretaries - 23What did Zeng Guofan suggest would resolve the Qing's spiritual collapse?1) Rebuilding schools
2) Strict Confucian curriculum
3) Restore order in agricultural work
4) Carefully interviewing people for staff positions (no funding)
5) Use of western technologies - 24Who did Zeng command to buy machinery in the U.S to build an arsenal and graduated from Yale as the first Chinese to graduate in the U.S?Yung Wing
- 25Who founded the arsenal in ShanghaiYung Wing
- 26What did the Qing think of the Zongli Yamen?They wanted the Z.Y to be only temporary and like a residence for the emissaries of the tributary state
- 27Who was the de facto leader of the Zongli Yamen? (also major exponent in the reformation movement)Prince Gong
- 28What two people opened an interpreter's school in Beijing with students from the 8 banners?Prince Gong Wenxiang
- 29What were the two examples of changing relations in China?1. Lay-Osborn Flotilla 1862-fleat purchased in 1863 after Taiping won in Zhejiang -problems of who is in charge
2. Dispute between Prussians who seized three Dutch merchant ships in Chinese sea-Chinese resolved issue - 30What did the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missionaries (1810) control?Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians & Wesleyans
- 31What texts helped the Chinese have a new approach to learning and thinking?Christian texts, scientific and technical translations (finished Elements of Geometry started by Ricci and opened up a new approach to mathematical thinking), medicine, new agricultural techniques.
- 32True or False: The Chinese liked the idea of having the missionaries teach the women to read, as a sign of changing gender roles.FALSE, THEY HATED IT
- 33Describe what Consul Henri Fontanier did and how it impacted the ChineseHe killed a Chinese man by accident while trying to furiously aim at the magistrate for refusing his protests. The Chinese were furious and fought back, which gave this event the name the "massacre of Tianjin"
- 34True of False: After the abolition of slavery, the U.S sought after laborers in the AmericasWell, if it ain't the trooth
- 35Name given to the Chinese who traveled away from home to make and send money, only to go back to their homeland?Chinese Sojourners
- 36What business did the Chinese takeover when they immigrated to the U.S?The Laundry business
- 37Was there a Zongli Yamen commission for conditions of the life of Chinese migrants?Yes, yes there was.
- 38In the U.S the Chinese came to build a railroad and mine gold...where? And what was the place named after?Where: San Francisco
Named After: Jinshan or mountain of gold - 39Just know that the Chinese created different Chinatowns and looked for other employmentOf what you ask? Shopkeepers, Laundrymen and Market gardeners
- 40Which three people were apart of the reform movement?1. Zhang Zhidong -
2. Kang Youwei - Used Confucian ideas to prove that Confucius wasn't against progressive ideas (social change)
3. Liang Qichao - pushed for reform in army, banking system, railway network, build a commercial fleet, modern postal service and modernized agriculture - 41Empress Cixi trusted ________ to help strengthen ChinaLi Hongzhang
- 42What three things did Li Hongzhang focus on for strengthening China?1. Entrepreneurship
2. Education
3. Diplomacy - 43Describe Li Hongzhang and his idea of Entrepreneurship.1. He wanted the Chinese to manufacture bullets (arsenal in Tianjin) and 2. To develop a railway line to transport coal 3. China merchant steamship company 4. National telegraph
- 44Who liked the idea of "government supervision and merchant management"?Li Hongzhang
- 45Describe Li Hongzhang and his ideas on EducationHe wanted an educational mission to be advised by Yung Wing and he sent his students to France, Germany or the UK
- 46Describe Li Hongzhang and his ideas on diplomacyHe wanted the Qing to have negotiations with Japan (to see who took control) over Korea
- 47Treaty of St. PetersburgRevision of unequal treaties with Russia that resulted in the Qing having Ili River sections returned to their government
- 48Who stated the following belief, "Chinese learning as an essence, Western learning for utility"Zhang Zhidong
- 49Who were the two biggest components of the Chinese Self-strengthening era? Describe a little about each1. The Japanese
&
2. Li Hongzhang - 50Emperor Guangxu wanted reform in these four areas1. Examination system (8 essays - no go)
2. Economic reform, Ministry of Revenue
3. No more calligraphy or poetry requirements to choose candidate
4. Peking College becoming medical school and opening vocational schools - 51What were the three instances of Nationalism in the 1900s?1. Boxer Uprising - revive the Qing, destroy the foreigners (think comic books)
2. Zou Rong - His book, "Revolutionary Army" talks about Anti-Munchu or Qing ideas and called for Han unity
3. 1905 - Qing Ministry of Foreign Affairs approved Boycotting of American products - 521908Court announced full constitutional government over the next 9 years
- 53Who was Zhang Xun?He was a Manchu loyalist in the times of warlordism. He went to Beijing with his army and claimed he wanted to restore the Qing but failed.
- 54What did the warlords consist of in China? (think: groups of people)Military governors and senior officers
- 55Who was Yan Xishan?created a perfect ideology of “militarism, nationalism,
anarchism, democracy, capitalism, communism, individualism,
imperialism, universalism, paternalism and utopianism” - 56**MAY 4TH 1919**The May 4th Movement or cultural movement, that inspired protests for recognizing China's culture as part of the modern world
- 57What were the May 4th resolutions?1. Formation of student unions
2. Protest against Shandong settlement at Versailles
3. Mass meeting of people in Beijing
4. Awaken the masses (other countries) about China's plight
5. Mass meeting of people in Beijing - 58Students created a union. The Student Union of the Republic of China. Symbolized what?Importance of educated elite
Información
- Descripción
- History Fichas sobre Modern China Midterm, creado por Mae Jean el 13/10/2016.
- Creado por
- Mae Jean
- Visitas
- 0
- Valoración