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Localisation of function in the brain
Fichas del conjunto (31)
- 1What does localisation of function mean?It's the theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for different behaviours, processes or activities.
- 2What is the motor area of the brain?- It's located in the frontal lobe
- It's involved with regulating movement - 3What is the somatosensory area of the brain?- It's located in the parietal lobe
- Processes sensory information like touch - 4What is the visual area of the brain?- Located in the occipital lobe
- Receives and processes visual information - 5What is the auditory area of the brain?- Located in the temporal lobe
- Concerned with the analysis of speech-based information - 6What is Broca's area?- Located in the left hemisphere, frontal lobe
- Responsible for speech production - 7What is Wernicke's area?- Located in the left hemisphere, temporal lobe
- Responsible for language comprehension - 8In the 19th century who found that areas of the brain are associated with different functions?Paul Broca
Karl Wernicke - 9Before this, what did scientists support the theory of?They supported the view that the whole brain was involved in each function - holism
- 10So, Broca and Wernicke found that if certain areas of the brain are damaged....Certain functions associated with those areas doesn't function properley
- 11Whats the name of the idea that the two halves or hemispheres of the brain hold different functions?Lateralisation of function
- 12Generally, the left hemisphere of the brain controls activity on the ______ side of the body.Right
- 13Generally, the right hemisphere of the brain controls activity on the ______ side of the body.Left
- 14What is the outer layer of the brain called?The cerebral cortex
- 15How thick is this part of the brain?Roughly 3mm
- 16Why does this separate us from animals?Because animals cerebral cortex is much more underdeveloped than humans.
- 17Why does the cortex appear grey?Because of all the location of the of cell bodies (grey matter)
- 18What are the four lobes of the brain?- The occipital lobe
- The parietal lobe
- The frontal lobe
- The temporal lobe - 19Damage to the motor area could lead to...loss of control over fine movements
- 20Where is the occipital lobe located?At the back of the brain
- 21What could damage to the right hemisphere cause to eyesight?Blindness in the left visual field of both eyes
- 22Damage to the auditory area may cause...Partial hearing loss, the more extensive the damage, the more extensive the loss
- 23What can damage to Broca area cause?Broca's asphasia
- 24What is Broca's asphasia characterised by? Give a patient exampleSlow speech, lacking in fluency
'Tan' was one of Broca's patients who could could only say the word tan. - 25What can damage to Wernicke's area cause?Wernicke's asphasia
- 26What is Wernicke's asphasia characterised by?Fluent but meaningless speech, nonsense words within normal sentences
- 27EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION: (SUPPORTING RESEARCH)STRENGTH: Supporting research:
Tulving et al (1994)
Research found that semantic and episodic memories reside in different parts of the pre-frontal cortex
So, there's scientific evidence to prove this theory -> increase validity - 28EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION: (NEUROSURGICAL EVIDENCE)STRENGTH: Neurosurgical evidence
- Developed in the 50's with the lobotomy
- Dougherty et al (2002) - 44 OCD patients who'd had cingulotomy (lesioning of cingulate gyrus)
- After 32 weeks 1/3 had met criteria for successful response
-Successes like these suggest that some serious mental disorders are localized and can be treated - 29EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN: (ANIMAL STUDIES)WEAKNESS: Animal studies
Lashley (1950)
- Found that higher cognitive functions involved in learning aren't localised but are distributed more holistically
- Rat study - Lashley removed between 10 and 50% of cortex from brain - process of learning a maze used every part of the cortex - 30EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN: (PLASTICITY)WEAKNESS: Plasticity
- Plasticity suggests that if parts of the brain are damaged then the other parts chip in to achieve the same neurological action
- This doesn't happen everytime BUT...
- It suggests that the brain works holistically - as a whole - 31EXTRA EVALUATION OF LOCALISATION (Case study evidence)STRENGTH: Phineas Gage
- Gage suffered an accident in which a metre-length pole hurled through Gage's left cheek, passing behind his left eye through his skull, taking a portion of brain with it
- He survived but his personality changed, he became quick tempered and rude
-Suggesting the frontal lobe regulates mood - supporting the theory
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- (Biopsychology) Psychology year 2 Fichas sobre Localisation of function in the brain, creado por Mollie Thompson el 11/01/2017.
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- Mollie Thompson
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