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Psychology A2
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- 1Wikstrom Findings Peterborough Youth Study Aim- Investigates link disadvantage and criminality
- 2Wikstrom Results- Offending widespread experience in adolescents
- high freq. offenders versatile
-adolescent off. spend rel. little time
- more victimized than others - 3Wikstrom Explanatory factors 1- gender NOT strong predictor
- fam. structure modest affect on offending
- disadvantaged adolescents likely h. risk lifestyles
- most youths pro. social
- more risk factors = ^ likely to offend
- routines & lifestyle risks strong predictors - 4Wikstrom Explanatory Factors 2- 3 types offender: propensity induced offenders, lifestyle dependent off., situationally limited off.
- 5Wikstrom Conclusions- IDs key factors to be addressed
- unlikely to affect propensity induced offenders - 6Wikstrom Evaluation- Self report (criminal activity social desirability)
- snapshot
- large sample but ethnocentric
- genders balanced
- parallel data acquisition
- replicable
- applicable
- range of measures increases validity
- labelling individuals unethical (self- fulfilling prophesy) - 7Akers et al linked to differential assoc. (sutherland) Aim- test slt and diff. assoc. explaining drinking/drug taking adolescents
- strong support slt 55% variance drink. beh. 68% var. drug use (regression equation)
- predictions made correct to %
- predicted variable: differential peer assoc., least: imitation - 8Akers et al Discussion- poor predictive strength imitation = bad slt, though slt redeemed through related variables
- strong support differential assoc. (peer group influence, beh. norms) - 9Akers et al Evaluation- self report (demand characteristics)
- massive sample (increased reliability)
- boys & girls wide range ages (generalisable)
-ethnocentric (one region one country)
-useful as test val. of learn. theories
- snapshot (dev + participant variables poor)
- authors admit longitudinal study needed
- correlation - 10Juby & Farrington Evaluation- longitudinal, observe development but subject attrition poss.
- prospective study no bias
-findings generalized? targets spec. socio group, greatly ethno and andro centric
- reliability?
- lots quantitive data, not replicable
- reductionist or holistic?
- v. holistic mirrors many aspects kids lives
- applicable? yes, validity? yes, answers correct & relevant? data collection valid: self report
- ethical issues? none
- correlational - 11Juby & Farrington Discussion- Disrupted fam's assoc ^ delinqu. rates
- Causes + events aft. disr. important
- Loss Mother = ^ del. v dad
- authors warn simplistic interpretation
- intact fam's disharmony = disrupt.
- any fam. could be criminogenic - 12Juby & FarringtonCambridge Study in Delinquent Development - disruptive v intact (1.9) - disharmony v death (2.0) - father v mother (3.7) - disruption v high conflict (1.0 to 1.4)
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- Fichas sobre Psychology A2, creado por stevefisher48 el 29/05/2013.
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