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The Human Body: An Orientation
Fichas del conjunto (35)
- 1AnatomyStudies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
- 2PhysiologyConcerns the function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
- 3Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross)The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
- 4Regional AnatomyAll the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.
- 5Systemic AnatomyThe body structure is studied system by system
- 6Surface AnatomyThe study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
- 7Microscopic AnatomyDeals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
- 8CytologyThe study of cells of the body
- 9HistologyThe study of tissues
- 10Developmental AnatomyTraces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
- 11EmbryologyA subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth
- 12Pathological AnatomyStudies structural changes caused by disease
- 13Radiographic AnatomyStudies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures
- 14Renal PhysiologyConcerns kidney function and urine production
- 15Cardiovascular PhysiologyExamines the operation of the heart and blood vessels
- 16NeurophysiologyExplains the workings of the nervous system
- 17Principle of Complementarity of Structure and FunctionFunction always reflects structure. That is, what the structure can do depends on its specific form.
- 18Levels of Structural Organization1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ System level
6. Organismal level - 19Chemical LevelThe simplest level of the structural hierarchy. At this level, atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.
- 20Cellular LevelCells are the smallest unites of living things and makeup the cellular level of the hierarchy.
- 21Tissue LevelHuman beings are complex organisms that fall into the tissue level of the hierarchy. Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.
- 22Four Basic Types of Tissue in the Human Body1. Epithelium
2. Muscle
3. Connective Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue - 23Organ LevelThis level is where extremely complex functions become possible.
- 24Organ System LevelOrgans that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an organ system.
- 25Organismal LevelThe highest level of organization is the organism, the living human being. This level represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.
- 26Digestive SystemTakes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces)
- 27Respiratory SystemTakes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
- 28Cardiovascular SystemVia the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs
- 29Urinary SystemEliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions
- 30Integumentary SystemProtects the body as a whole from external environment
- 31Maintaining BoundariesEvery living organism must maintain its boundaries so that its internal environment (it's inside) remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it (it's outside)
- 32MovementMovement includes the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another
- 33ResponsivenessAlso known as, excitability, is the ability to sense changes (which serve as stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them
- 34DigestionDigestion is the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
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