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Ch. 4 Ancient Greece

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1PeninsulaBody of land surrounded on three sides by water Ex. Greece.
2Mt. OlympusThe highest mountain in Greece, where the ancient Greeks believed many of their gods and goddesses lived.
3CreteLargest island off of Greece; the Minoan civilization flourished here from 2700 BC to 1450 BC.
4Arthur EvansArchaeologist who excavated Knossos, the palace of legendary King Minos on the island of Crete.
5MycenaeansName for the civilization that developed on the Greek mainland; they dominated the whole Greek mainland for about 500 years.
6HomerAncient Greek poet. Famous for his epic poem the Iliad and the Odyssey.
7PolisA city-state in ancient Greece.
8AthensFor many centuries the most powerful of all ancient Greek city-states; capital or present-day Greece.
9AcropolisA large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war.
10AgoraA central area in Greek cities used both as a marketplace and as a meeting place.
11ParthenonA temple to the goddess Athena, built on the the Acropolis in Athens.
12Direct DemocracyType of democracy in which EVERY citizen participates in making laws.
13PhilosophyThe study of or search for truth, wisdom, and the right way to live.
14PolytheismThe belief in many gods and goddesses.
15SpartaLargest Greek city-state; focused on fighting and war.
16OligarchyGovernment in which a "few" rule; rule by a few Ex. aristocracy or plutocracy.
17HelotA slave in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta.
18SocratesLived from 469-399 BC, Father of philosophy; put on trial for corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens; he drank poison hemlock.
19PlatoOne of Socrates most famous students, Socrates didn't actually write down any of his philosophies or philosophical teachings, so most of what we know about him is through the writings of Plato.
20HoplitesGreek soldiers who carried a round shield, a short sword, and a 9 foot spear.
21PhalanxA military formation; a wall of shields created by soldiers marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation.
22SophoclesFamous Greek playwright; he wrote the tragedy, Oedipus the King.
23AmphitheaterOutdoor theater it was opened to the sky; The Greeks loved drama; one of the most famous amphitheaters is Epidaurus.
24Socratic MethodThe teachings method of invented by Socrates; based on asking questions; the point of this teaching style is to get students to recognize the truth for themselves
25AristotleStudent of Plato's; he wrote about science, politics, just about everything; he taught Alexander the Great.
26Alexander the GreatAt 20 years old, he was King of Macedonia; he conquers almost all of the known world. He spreads Greek culture.
27Hellenistic AgeName for time when Alexander is king; really refers to the spread of Greek culture, language, ideas; a high point in Greek history.
28The Peloponnesian WarA long war between the 2 largest Greek city-states Athens and Sparta.