Fichas
key terms and words
Fichas del conjunto (65)
- 1abiotic conditiona non-living feature of an ecosystem
- 2abundancethe number of individuals of one species in a particular area
- 3acetylationattachement of an acetyl group to something
- 4acetylcholine (ACh)a neurotransmitter that binds to cholinergic receptors
- 5acetyl coenzyme A (AcetylCoA)a coenzyme involved in respiration which transfers acetate from one molecule to another
- 6acquired mutationa mutation you develop during your lifetime
- 7actinthe thin myofilament protein in muscle fibres
- 8actin-myosin cross bridgethe bond formed when a myosin head binds to an actin filament
- 9activatora transcription factor that increases the rate of transcription
- 10active transportmovement of molecules and ions across plasma membranes against a concentration gradient which requires energy
- 11adaptationa feature that increases an individuals chance of survival and reproduction
- 12ADP (adenosine diphosphate)a molecule made of adenine, a ribose sugar and 2 phosphate groups, and ATP is synthesised from ADP and Pi (a phosphate group)
- 13adrenalinea hormone secreted from the adrenal glands which can increase blood glucose concentration
- 14alleleone or more alternative versions of the same gene
- 15allele frequencyhow often an allele occurs in a population
- 16allopatric speciationwhere speciation occurs as a result of geographic isolation
- 17ammonificationwhere nitrogen compounds from dead organisms or waste material are turned into ammonium compounds by saprobionts
- 18antidiuretic hormone (ADH)a hormone that regulates the water potential of the blood by controlling the permeability of the cells of the distil convoluted tubule and the collecting duct in the kidney
- 19ATP (adenosine triphosphate)a molecule made of adenine, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups, and it is the immediate source of energy in a cell
- 20ATP hydrolasean enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi
- 21ATP synthasean enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
- 22ATP - phosphocreatine (PCr) systema system that generates ATP very quickly by phosphorylating ADP and using a Pi from phosphcreatine
- 23atrioventricular node (AVN)a group of cells in the heart wall that is responsible for passing waves of electrical activity from the SAN on to the bundle of His
- 24autonomic nervous systema division of the peripheral nervous system that controls unconscious activities, e.g. heart rate
- 25autosomal linkagewhen two genes are located on the same autosome and are inherited by the offspring together
- 26autosomea chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome
- 27benign tumoura non-cancerous tumour
- 28biomassthe mass of living material in an organism
- 29biotic conditiona living feature of an ecosystem
- 30bunde of Hisa group of muscle fibres in the heart, responsible for conducting waves of electrical activity from the AVN to the Purkyne fibres
- 31cardiomyocytea heart muscle cell
- 32carrying capacitythe maximum stable population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
- 33causal relationshipwhere a change in one variable causes a change in the other
- 34cDNA (complementary DNA)a DNA copy of mRNA made using reverse transcriptase
- 35chemical mediatora chemical messenger that acts locally, i.e. on nearby cells
- 36chemiosmosisthe process of electrons flowing down the electron transport chain and creating a proton gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis
- 37cholinergic synapsea synapse that uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- 38climax communitythe largest and most complex community of plants and animals an ecosystem can support
- 39codominant allelean allele whose characteristic appears together with another allele in the phenotype because neither allele is recessive
- 40codona base triplet in DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid
- 41coenzymea molecule that aids the function of an enzyme, which work by transferring a chemical group form one molecule to another
- 42communityall the populations of different species in a habitat
- 43compensation pointthe point where photosynthesis in a plant exactly matches its rate of respiration
- 44conea photoreceptor cell found in the eye that gives information in colour
- 45conservationthe protection and management of species and habitats (ecosystems) in a sustainable way
- 46control groupa group in a study that is treated in exactly the same way as the experimental group, apart from the factor that you're investigating
- 47coordinatorpart of the nervous system which formulates an appropriate response to a stimulus before sending impulses to an effector
- 48dehydrogenasean enzyme that transfers hydrogen and electrons from one molecule to another
- 49denitrificationthe process where nitrates in the soil are converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria
- 50depolarisationa decrease in the potential difference across a cells membrane, making it less negative that the resting potential
- 51diabetes mellitus type 1a condition where blood glucose concentration cant be controlled properly because the body doesn't produce any insulin, which occurs from a young age
- 52diabetes mellitus type 2a condition where blood glucose concentration cant be controlled properly because the body doesn't produce enough insulin or the body cells don't respond properly to insulin, which occurs due to a poor diet
- 53dihybrid inheritancethe inheritance of two characteristics which are controlled by different genes
- 54directional selectionwhere individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their alleles
- 55disruptive selectionwhere individuals with alleles for phenotypes at the extreme ends of a range are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their alleles
- 56DNA polymerasean enzyme that joins together the nucleotides on a new strand of DNA during DNA replication
- 57DNA probea short, single strand of DNA that has a complementary base sequence to part of a target gene
- 58DNA sequencinga technique used to determine the order of bases in a section of DNA
- 59dominant allelean allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotype even when theres only one copy
- 60ecosystemall the organisms living in a community plus all the abiotic conditions in the area in which they live
- 61effectora cell that brings about a response to a stimulus
- 62electrochemical gradienta concentration gradient of ions
- 63electron transport chaina chain of proteins down which excited electrons flow
- 64epigenetic control (of gene expression)the attachment of removal of chemical groups to or from DNA of histone proteins, which determines if a gene is switched on or off
- 65epistasiswhen an allele of one gene masks the expression of the alleles of other genes
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- A level Biology Fichas sobre key terms and words, creado por freya hinks el 11/04/2017.
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- freya hinks
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