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Flashcards

key terms and words

freya hinks Biology A level Inglês 65 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (65)

  1. 1abiotic conditiona non-living feature of an ecosystem
  2. 2abundancethe number of individuals of one species in a particular area
  3. 3acetylationattachement of an acetyl group to something
  4. 4acetylcholine (ACh)a neurotransmitter that binds to cholinergic receptors
  5. 5acetyl coenzyme A (AcetylCoA)a coenzyme involved in respiration which transfers acetate from one molecule to another
  6. 6acquired mutationa mutation you develop during your lifetime
  7. 7actinthe thin myofilament protein in muscle fibres
  8. 8actin-myosin cross bridgethe bond formed when a myosin head binds to an actin filament
  9. 9activatora transcription factor that increases the rate of transcription
  10. 10active transportmovement of molecules and ions across plasma membranes against a concentration gradient which requires energy
  11. 11adaptationa feature that increases an individuals chance of survival and reproduction
  12. 12ADP (adenosine diphosphate)a molecule made of adenine, a ribose sugar and 2 phosphate groups, and ATP is synthesised from ADP and Pi (a phosphate group)
  13. 13adrenalinea hormone secreted from the adrenal glands which can increase blood glucose concentration
  14. 14alleleone or more alternative versions of the same gene
  15. 15allele frequencyhow often an allele occurs in a population
  16. 16allopatric speciationwhere speciation occurs as a result of geographic isolation
  17. 17ammonificationwhere nitrogen compounds from dead organisms or waste material are turned into ammonium compounds by saprobionts
  18. 18antidiuretic hormone (ADH)a hormone that regulates the water potential of the blood by controlling the permeability of the cells of the distil convoluted tubule and the collecting duct in the kidney
  19. 19ATP (adenosine triphosphate)a molecule made of adenine, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups, and it is the immediate source of energy in a cell
  20. 20ATP hydrolasean enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi
  21. 21ATP synthasean enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
  22. 22ATP - phosphocreatine (PCr) systema system that generates ATP very quickly by phosphorylating ADP and using a Pi from phosphcreatine
  23. 23atrioventricular node (AVN)a group of cells in the heart wall that is responsible for passing waves of electrical activity from the SAN on to the bundle of His
  24. 24autonomic nervous systema division of the peripheral nervous system that controls unconscious activities, e.g. heart rate
  25. 25autosomal linkagewhen two genes are located on the same autosome and are inherited by the offspring together
  26. 26autosomea chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome
  27. 27benign tumoura non-cancerous tumour
  28. 28biomassthe mass of living material in an organism
  29. 29biotic conditiona living feature of an ecosystem
  30. 30bunde of Hisa group of muscle fibres in the heart, responsible for conducting waves of electrical activity from the AVN to the Purkyne fibres
  31. 31cardiomyocytea heart muscle cell
  32. 32carrying capacitythe maximum stable population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
  33. 33causal relationshipwhere a change in one variable causes a change in the other
  34. 34cDNA (complementary DNA)a DNA copy of mRNA made using reverse transcriptase
  35. 35chemical mediatora chemical messenger that acts locally, i.e. on nearby cells
  36. 36chemiosmosisthe process of electrons flowing down the electron transport chain and creating a proton gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis
  37. 37cholinergic synapsea synapse that uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
  38. 38climax communitythe largest and most complex community of plants and animals an ecosystem can support
  39. 39codominant allelean allele whose characteristic appears together with another allele in the phenotype because neither allele is recessive
  40. 40codona base triplet in DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid
  41. 41coenzymea molecule that aids the function of an enzyme, which work by transferring a chemical group form one molecule to another
  42. 42communityall the populations of different species in a habitat
  43. 43compensation pointthe point where photosynthesis in a plant exactly matches its rate of respiration
  44. 44conea photoreceptor cell found in the eye that gives information in colour
  45. 45conservationthe protection and management of species and habitats (ecosystems) in a sustainable way
  46. 46control groupa group in a study that is treated in exactly the same way as the experimental group, apart from the factor that you're investigating
  47. 47coordinatorpart of the nervous system which formulates an appropriate response to a stimulus before sending impulses to an effector
  48. 48dehydrogenasean enzyme that transfers hydrogen and electrons from one molecule to another
  49. 49denitrificationthe process where nitrates in the soil are converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria
  50. 50depolarisationa decrease in the potential difference across a cells membrane, making it less negative that the resting potential
  51. 51diabetes mellitus type 1a condition where blood glucose concentration cant be controlled properly because the body doesn't produce any insulin, which occurs from a young age
  52. 52diabetes mellitus type 2a condition where blood glucose concentration cant be controlled properly because the body doesn't produce enough insulin or the body cells don't respond properly to insulin, which occurs due to a poor diet
  53. 53dihybrid inheritancethe inheritance of two characteristics which are controlled by different genes
  54. 54directional selectionwhere individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their alleles
  55. 55disruptive selectionwhere individuals with alleles for phenotypes at the extreme ends of a range are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their alleles
  56. 56DNA polymerasean enzyme that joins together the nucleotides on a new strand of DNA during DNA replication
  57. 57DNA probea short, single strand of DNA that has a complementary base sequence to part of a target gene
  58. 58DNA sequencinga technique used to determine the order of bases in a section of DNA
  59. 59dominant allelean allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotype even when theres only one copy
  60. 60ecosystemall the organisms living in a community plus all the abiotic conditions in the area in which they live
  61. 61effectora cell that brings about a response to a stimulus
  62. 62electrochemical gradienta concentration gradient of ions
  63. 63electron transport chaina chain of proteins down which excited electrons flow
  64. 64epigenetic control (of gene expression)the attachment of removal of chemical groups to or from DNA of histone proteins, which determines if a gene is switched on or off
  65. 65epistasiswhen an allele of one gene masks the expression of the alleles of other genes

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A level Biology FlashCards sobre key terms and words, criado por freya hinks em 11-04-2017.
Criado por
freya hinks
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