Climate

Climate

1. what are the worlds major climates

   • how do they relate to biomes?
     • How does the cell structure affect the climate and the weather?
       • ie. convergence- low pressure means lots of rain, very humid.
   • Global mapping of cells and relation to biomes
   • Tundra
     • Situated in the high northern latitude in the polar cell. This is at the Polar jet stream whereby there is an area of high pressure.
     • anti cyclone: descending air that warms and rises. This leaves little clouds and gives dry weather.
     • The Tundra is colder because it is situated at the polls whereby there is a larger angle for the suns rays. this causes the plants here to have to adapt as there is little sun and little warmth. There is also little nutrients due to the cold weather.
   • Rainforest
     • The rainforest is situated at the hadley cells whereby there is low pressure due to low air rising, cooling & condensing and then falling.
       • receives around 4000cm of rain a year
     • It has 2 wet seasons due to the low pressure moving up and down between the two tropics
     • Plants here are adapted to the soil that carries little nutrients. For example- roots are very near to the top of the soil.
     • equitorial region
     • convergence at the ITCZ

2. what are the temporal patterns of climate change?

   • Short term
     • Volcanic eruptions can cause short term affects providing that the eruption is fairly minor as it will only affect the troposphere, causing only a small amount of the solar radiation to be reflected.
     • el nino
       • This occurs when the trade winds are disturbed across the pacific. The western trade winds are weakened and the water that usually piles up on the west moves to the east. This causes sea levels to rise on the Peruvian coast (up to 30cm)
         • The eastern pacific becomes 6-8 degrees warmer.
     • la nina
       • this is less dramatic than el nino as it is just an exaggerated normal year. There are very strong winds from the east, pushing the water west. this causes a rise in sea levels of up to a metre in places such as Indonesia and the Philippines.
   • Long term

3. causes of climate change

   • Changes in greenhouse gases
     • CO2 emmisions
       • electricity uses a lot of coal burning, this emits these fumes into the atmosphere and we therefore increase greenhouse gas mass in the world.
   • Sea level change
   • Human causes

4. Issues resulting in climate change?

5. Strategies used to address climate change

   • Success?
   • international
   • Government action
   • Pressure from groups and by individuals

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