Design Materials

Design Materials

1. Woods

   • Hardwoods
     • Examples:
       • Oak
       • Mahogany
       • Beech
       • Teak
       • Maple
       • Walnut
     • Uses
       • High quality Furniture
       • Fuel
       • Flooring
       • Musical instruments
       • Boat building
     • Basic information
       • Slow growing
       • Expensive
       • Most robust natural wood
       • Deciduous trees
       • There are around 100 more species of hardwoods than softwoods
   • Softwoods
     • Examples
       • Cedar
       • Douglas Fir
       • Pine
       • Spruce
       • Yew
       • Juniper
     • Basic Information
       • Fast growing
       • Affordable
       • Softer than hardwoods
       • Coniferous trees
       • It makes up around 80% of the world's lumber
     • Uses
       • Doors
       • Mid-range furniture
       • Cladding
       • Boats
       • Making manufactured boards
   • Manufactured Board
     • Examples:
       • Plywood
       • Chipboard
       • Particle Board
       • MDF
       • Stirling Board (OSB)
     • Basic Information
       • Cheap
       • High glue content
       • Can be made in sheets of any size
       • Many are made from recycled or reused material
     • Uses
       • Modeling
       • Low-cost furniture
       • Internal and external panelling
       • For sheathing timber frames in construction

2. Metals

   • Ferrous metals
     • Basic information
       • Ferrous metals are metals that contain iron
       • They are strong, but in turn can also be dense and therefore heavy
       • They are often prone to rusting
     • Examples
       • Steel
       • Stainless steel
       • Cast iron
       • Carbon steel
       • Wrought iron
     • Uses
       • Cutlery and other appliances
       • Screws, nails etc.
       • Building
       • Engines
   • Non-ferrous metals
     • Basic information
       • Generally are resistant to rust
       • Any metal that doesn't contain iron
       • They vary in density, strength and hardness
     • Examples
       • Aluminium
       • Tungsten
       • Copper
       • Bronze
       • Platinum
     • Uses
       • Decorations
       • Jewellery
       • Some tools
       • Planes
       • Plumbing

3. Polymers

   • Thermosetting plastics
     • Examples
       • Polyester resin
       • Epoxy
       • Silicone
     • Uses
       • Seals
       • Casting
     • Basic information
   • Thermoplastics

4. Paper/ Board

   • Paper
     • Examples
       • Glossy printing paper
       • Cartridge paper
       • Tissue paper
       • Newspaper
       • Sugar paper
     • Basic information
       • It is categorised according to its gsm (grams per square meter)
       • Originally made in China (105 CE)
       • Uses wood pulp to create thin sheets
     • Uses
       • Printing
       • Writing
       • Origami
       • Drawing/ art
       • Books
   • Board
     • Basic information
       • Made using a process called laminating
       • It is categorised according to its thickness (represented in microns)
       • Uses multiple layers of thinner material
     • Examples
       • Corrugated board
       • Duplex board
       • Foil lined board
       • Foam core board
       • Solid white board
     • Uses
       • Packaging
       • Modelling
       • Cartons
       • Signs
   • Card
     • Basic information
       • Thicker than paper
       • 350 - 400 gsm
       • Generally regarded as a higher quality alternative to paper
     • Uses
       • Premium flyers
       • Business cards
       • High quality invites
       • Birthday/ Christmas etc cards

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