MEMORY

MEMORY

1. source misattribution

   • the inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned about the event elsewhere

2. confabulation

   • confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened

3. explicit memory

   • Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"

4. recall

   • A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

5. recognition

   • a measure of memory in which people need only to identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

6. implicit memory

   • memory without conscious recollection; involves skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed

7. priming

   • A technique for cuing implicit memories by providing cues that stimulate a memory without awareness of the connection between the cue and the retrieved memory

8. relearning method

   • a method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material

9. parallel distributed processing

   • a network of interconnected units that work simultaneously to process information

10. sensory register

    • Momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information

11. chunks

    • manageable and meaningful units of information organized in such a way that it can be easily encoded, stored, and retrieved

12. short-term memory

    • activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before information is stored or forgotten

13. working memory

    • a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. 

14. long-term memory

    • the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

15. procedural memories

    • memories for the performance of actions of skills (knowing how)

16. declaritive memories

    • It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events.

17. semantic memories

    • A subdivision of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, including the meanings of words and concepts.

18. episodic memory

    • A category of long-term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations and experiences.

19. serial-position effects

    • The tendency to better remember items presented at the beginning or end of a list

20. long-term potentiation

    • an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

21. maintenance rehearsal

    • practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

22. elaborative rehearsal

    • The association of information in short-term memory to information already stored in long-term memory; aids in long-term storage.

23. deep processing

    • involves attaching meaning and creating associations between the new memory and existing memories.

24. proactive interference

    • when prior learning disrupts the recall of new information

25. cue-dependant forgetting

    • Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory.

26. retroactive interference

    • newly learned information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information

27. decay theory

    • A theory that holds that if the information in long-term memory is not used or rehearsed it will eventually be forgotten.

28. state-dependant memory

    • Long-term memory retrieval is best when a person's physiological state at the time of encoding and retrieval of the information is the same

29. mood-congruent memory

    • phenomenon where there is a greater likelihood of recalling an item when our current mood matches the mood we were in when the event occurred

30. amnesia

    • loss of memory

31. repression

    • Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious.

32. childhood amnesia

    • The inability to remember events and experiences that occurred during the first two or three years of life.