Memory

Memory

1. memory processes

   • CODING: the form in which the information is stored.
   • ENCODING: the transformation of sensory input into a memory trace.
   • STORAGE: holding and retaining memories after they are registered.
   • RETRIEVAL: locating and recalling memories from storage.

2. Memory Stores

   • SENSORY REGISTER: Short duration store of information from the senses.
   • SHORT TERM MEMORY: a temporary store holding small amounts of information for brief periods
   • LONG TERM MEMORY: a permanent store holding limitless amounts of information for long periods.

3. Multi-Store Model

   • SENSORY REGISTER
     • Large capacity but only 5-9 items can be paid attention to.
     • Duration of 0.5 to 2.5 seconds
     • Iconic & Echoic storage
   • SHORT TERM MEMORY
     • Coding is auditory
     • Capacity of 5-9 items
     • Duration of 30 seconds
   • LONG TERM MEMORY
     • Semantic coding
     • Unlimited capacity
     • Capacity of years
   • EVALUATION
     • Bahrick et al. showed that there is a clear difference in memory stores. 90% of people could remember classmates over 48 years later.
     • Flashbulb memories are not explained. no rehearsal is needed to remember.
     • Does not recognise individual differences
     • Miller found out that 5-9 items could be remembered showing that the STM has a limited capacity

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