Memory Overview

Memory Overview

1. Multi-store model of Memory

   • A01. Stimulus Input - Sensory Memory- Short term Memory- Long term Memory
     • Attention
     • Rehersal Loop
     • Retriveal
   • A02. 'Serial position effect' - SUPPORT, seperate stores
     • Primary effect- first words seen
     • Recency effect- bottom of list
     • Lacks ecological validity LAB Cannot generalise

2. Working memory model

   • A01. Centeral executive
     • Phonological Loop
       • Spoken words enter DIRECTLY, Auditory store, Articulatory control proceses
         • Limited Capacity
     • Visuo- Spatial Sketchpad
       • Inner eye, temporary store for visual information, when planning a spatial task
     • Drives system, directs attention

3. Memory Improvement Stratergies

   • Chunking
     • Taking a word, sentence and group words together, increase capacity of STM, when remembering numbers
   • Acroymn
     • Using first letters of a group of words to form a single word, e.g BLT- Bacon Lettuce Tomato
   • Acrostic
     • Using first letters of a group of words to form a sentence e.g. Never, Eat, Soggey, Wosits - North east south west
   • Method of LOCI
     • Taking a well known route and visualising the things you need to recall as physical objects

4. 1. Sensory memory

   • Hold incoming sensory information for short period of time

5. 2. Short term memory

   • Only holds information in the brain for a short period of time, 7+/-2 items- Miller

6. 3. Long term memory

   • Being able to retrace and hold information within the brain for long periods of time, No evidence

7. Capacity - amount/ lack of information that can be held within memory 7+/-2 items, Unlimitied

8. Duration- how long the information stays within memory, 18-20 seconds, unlimited

9. Encoding- how each individual remembers information, Conrad STM- acoustic, visual, semantic, Baddeley LTM