Attachment

Attachment

1. Learning Theory

   • Classical
     • Build in association
     • Sucking
   • Operant
     • Learnt association
     • Crying when hungry
   • Schaffer & Emerson (1964)
   • Harlow & Harlow (1962)
   • Attaches themselves to someone who feeds them
   • Reductionist as attachment is more complex

2. John Bowlby

   • 2. Secure Base
   • 1. Safe Haven
   • 4. Proximity Maintenance
   • 3. Separation Distress
   • programmed to attach
   • Theory of Attachment

3. Types

   • Strong emotional tie developed over time
   • 2. Insecure- Resistant
     • Distress, mother leaves, reject on return
   • 3. Insecure- Avoidant
     • not concerned when mother leaves, little interest on return
   • 1.Secure
   • Ainsworth & Bell (1970)

4. Disruption

   • Deprivation
     • Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
     • Doesnt always cause maladjustment
   • Privation
     • Czech Twins
     • Genie
     • Rutter et al (2007)
     • Possible recovery

5. Implications of Day Care

   • Consistency
   • Minimal turnover
   • Staff always available
   • Quality
     • Amount of verbal interactin
     • Sufficient stimulation
     • Sensitive + emotional
     • Staff trained well
     • Hard to define
   • Research
     • Sure Start
     • EPPE Project
       • Effected government policy
   • 1:3 staff, child ratio

6. Day Care

   • Peer Relations
     • More day care, more friends
     • No effect on emotional development
     • Improves cognitive development
     • Early the better
   • Aggression
     • EPPE Study
       • Too much in first 2 year- antisocial
     • NICHD Study
       • More day care, behaviour problems
     • Clarke & Stewart (1994)
       • Less agressiive
   • Hard to generalize
     • Researchers argue +/-