Cell Structure & Division

Cell Structure & Division

1. Eukaryotic Cells

   • Nucleus
     • Controls cell's activities
     • Pores allow substances in & out of nucleus & cytoplasm
     • Makes ribosomes
   • Mitochondrion
     • Site of aerobic respiration
     • Folds called cristae
     • Inside called matirx
   • Chloroplast
     • Site of photosynthesis
   • Golgi apparatus
     • Processes & packages lipids & proteins
     • Makes lysosomes
   • Lysosome
     • Contains lysozymes
     • Digests invading cells/worn out organelles
   • ER
     • Rough
       • Covered in ribosomes
       • Processes proteins
     • Smooth
       • Synthesises & processes lipids
   • Vacuole
     • Helps maintain pressure
     • Keeps cell rigid

2. Prokaryotic Cells

   • Cell wall
     • Supports the cell
     • Murein
   • Plasmid
     • Small loops of DNA
     • Not always present
   • DNA
     • Not in nucleus
     • Circular
     • Not attached to histones
   • Flagellum
     • Make cell move
     • Not always present
   • Cytoplasm
     • No membrane bound organelles
     • Has ribosomes
       • Smaller than in eukaryotes
   • Replicate by binary fission

3. Mitosis

   • Interphase
     • Normal cell functions
     • DNA is unravelled
     • DNA & organelles replicated
   • Prophase
     • Chromosomes condense
     • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
     • Nuclear envelope breaks
   • Metaphase
     • Chromosomes line up on equator
     • Chromosomes attached to spindle by centromere
   • Anaphase
     • Centromeres divide
     • Chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell
   • Telophase
     • Chromatids reach poles
     • Chromatids uncoil
       • Now called chromosomes
     • Nuclear envelope forms
     • Cytokineis
   • 2 genetically identical daughter cells

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