Cold War

What is a Cold War?

• SUPERPOWER: One of the most powerful ( and wealthy) countries in the world. After WWII these were USA and USSR.
• COLD WAR: a state of political hostility between countries characterised by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
• It was fought by:
• -Arms Race
• -Space Race
• -Defence
• -Aid
• -Espionage
• -Sport
• -Media

Why did the Cold War Begin

• Soviet Union- 27 million deaths (which was 40 times more that of the USA and the UK.)
• USA=Capitalist USSR=Communist
• USSR got given an area the size of Europe pre-war and got more many more when war finished.

Tehran Conference 28 Nov-1 Dec 1943

• Who was there?
• Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt.
• Agreements:
• USA+GB start a 2nd Front to help the USSR
• After Germany defeated- USSR would declare war on Japan
• Poland get Germany land
• Disagreements:
• USA+GB slow to respond to USSR needs
• Churchill= wanted to invade Balkans.

Yalta Conference 4-11 Feb 1945

• Who was there?
• Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt
• Agreements:
• Germany would be reduced in size (demilitarised and reparations)
• Nazi Party Banned- War criminals tried
• United Nations set up
• USSR declare war on JAP 3 months after Germany defeated.
• Poland= 'soviet sphere' with 'democratic influence.'
• Disagreements:
• GB wanted to protect Poland
• USA=didn't want the spread of communism
• USSR+USA= disagreement about what democracy was

Potsdam Conference

• Who was there?
• Attlee (little bit of Churchill,) Truman, Stalin
• Agreements:
• Set up a Council of Foreign Ministry (rebuild Europe.)
• Ban Nazis
• Reduce size pf Germany+ divide into 4 zones allocate to the allies and France
• Divide Berlin in 4
• USSR=given 1/4 of industrial equip
• Stalin said he would set up a communist+capitalist gov in Poland (didn't happen.)
• Disagreements:
• USSR=heavy reparations on Germany USA+GB= rebuild
• USA=Atomic Bomb
• Stalin broke word about Polish Gov

Satellite States-USSR

• Bulgaria-1945
• 'Free Elections'
• Albania-1945
• War still going on
• Little Opposition
• Yugoslavia-1945
• Marshall Tito -Communist
• NOT SATELLITE STATE
• Baltic States-1945
• No pretence of them being separate
• NOT SATELLITE STATE
• Romania - 1947
• 'Free Elections'
• Poland- 1947
• 'Free Elections'
• Hungary-1947
• 'Free Elections' won by intimation
• Czechoslovakia- 1948
• 'Free Elections'
• 48-used army to take over
• East Germany- 1949
• 'Free Elections'

Secret Telegrams

• Long Telegram- 1946-USA
• Stalin speech-destruction of capitalism
• USSR was building its military forces
• Novikov's Telegram-1946-USSR
• America wanted to dominate the world
• Roosevelt death=USA no longer interested in co-operating with USSR
• America public being prepared for war.