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Memory
Fichas del conjunto (10)
- 1Define Memory and what did ‘Atkinson and Shiffrin’ propose?Memory is a process in which information is retained about the past
Atkinson & Shiffrin proposed the multi store model that showed memory had 3 types of stores(unity memory stores). Sensory Memory(temporarily stores information from senses), Short term(Info currently being thought about) and Long term(rehearsed info from STM). Information passes through the stores in a linear and sequential way with each store having a different Capacity(amount of info that can be retained), Encoding(form in which it is retained) and Duration(length of time info is stored in memory before it decays). - 2Outline ‘Encoding, Capacity and Duration’ in the ‘Sensory’ memory and name the ‘researchers’?Sperling found Encoding is taken in through our senses and held in its ‘original form’(modality specific). Encoded in two ways - ICONIC memory = visual information(through the eyes and stored as images) or - ECHOIC memory = auditory information(input form ears and stored as sounds).
Quite large capacity of sensory registers
- Presented grid of letters(3 rows x 4 letters) for 50 millisecond displays
- Recalled 4/5 letters, aware of more but info decays before we can report them.
Duration for Echoic lasts for 3 seconds and 0.5 for Iconic. Info decays after.
Senses not under cognitive control so no conscious control over what enters sensory memory. - 3Outline ‘Encoding, Capacity and Duration’ in the ‘Short term’ memory and name the ‘researchers’?Conrad found encoding -Experimented with letters, showed random sequences of 6 consonants rapidly on a screen. Some were acoustically similar(BCTD) or not(RFJ). Then wrote letters down in order. Results showed acoustically similar letters harder to recall as easier to mix them up. Hence encoding is done acoustically.
Capacity is limited -Jacobs used digit span technique
-Presented sequence of letters/digits at half second intervals
-Asked to recall in correct order, started with three item sequences, increased by one till unable to recall correctly, not very specific on how big item is.
-Recalled between 5-9 items
-Miller found it can hold magical number 7+-2 chunks of information
-Capacity increased by chunking into meaningful info from existing LTM knowledge
Duration up to 30 seconds and temporary but can be extended by repetition/rehearsal, possibly leading to info transferring to LTM -Peterson’s investigated how passage of time affects STM recall -Lab experiment, students recall combinations of 3 letters(trigrams) after longer and longer intervals -Count backwards to prevent reh - 4Outline ‘Encoding, Capacity and Duration’ in the ‘Long term’ memory and name the ‘researchers’?d
- 5Outline the ‘types’ of Long term memory?d
- 6Outline the ‘Supporting evidence’ for the separate components of the Long term Memory?d
- 7‘Evaluate’ the Multi-Store Model?c
- 8Outline the ‘Working Memory Model’?c
- 9Outline the ‘Supporting Empirical Evidence’ for the WMM?d
- 10‘Evaluate’ the Working Memory Model?c
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- Fichas sobre Memory, creado por Chantelle Knight el 31/05/2018.
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- Chantelle Knight
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