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Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Willis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Willis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are Nucleic Acids? | Polymers made up of Nucleotides - (DNA and RNA) |
| What are the building blocks of DNA? | DNA Nucleotides - Pentose Sugar, Phosphate group and Nitrogenous Base - Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine |
| What is DNA? | -Deoxyribonucleic Acid -Found in ALL organisms -All organisms built of proteins |
| What is a gene? | A small section of DNA which codes for a Protein |
| DNA structure | -DNA Double Helix -Complementary base pairing (AT, CG) |
| How does Nucleotides join together? | Condensation reaction between sugar and Phosphate group --- Polynucleotide |
| How DNA is formed? | 2 Polynucleotides join by hydrogen bonds between bases (AT, CG) -Produces double strand -The double strand coils into double helix |
| Properties of DNA Structure? | -Double strand = DNA stable + 2 strand acts as templates in semi-conservative replication -Coil into Helix = more compact -Sugar-phosphate backbone = protects bases -Hydrogen bonds between bases = weak so easy separation during semi-conservative replication -Complementary Base Pairing = ensure identical copies of DNA made by semi-conservative replication |
| DNA Replication | Occurs in interphase before mitosis and meiosis occurs by semi-conservative replication (S-CR) |
| Describe S-CR | -DNA strands separate -The two strands act as templates -Produces identical copies of DNA -Each has half original copy and half new |
| What is the process of Semi-conservative replication | Process: -DNA Helicase breaks bonds between complementary bases -Double strands separate -Free complementary bases bind to exposed bases on the template (A, T +G, C) -DNA Polymerase joins the sugar-phosphate backbone of the new strand |
| Evidence for S-CR? | -Replicating Bacterial DNA in 2 two types of NItrogen Isotopes, 15N and 14N -15N = Heavy isotope -14N =Light isotope -Nitrogen found in nitrogenous bases of DNA -Bacterial DNA made from 15N will have heavy density -Bacterial DNA made from 14N will have light density -EXPERIMENT |
| What is the Experiment for S-CR | -Bacterial DNA made of 15N is replicated in 14N environment -Each replication has 1 strand of 14N and 1 15N -DNA has medium density |
| What is RNA? | Ribonucleic Acid |
| What are the 2 types of RNA | mRNA (messenger RNA) - single-stranded tRNA (transfer RNA) - single-stranded |
| what are the RNA nucleotides | Adenine, Urial Guanine, Cytosine |
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