Flashcards
1.7 Enzyme Action
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1What are enzymes?Globular proteins that act as catalysts.
- 2Define a catalyst.A substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent change.
- 3Explain why enzymes are effective in tiny quantities.They are not used up in the reaction and so can be used repeatedly.
- 4Outline why changing one of the amino acids that make up the active site could prevent the enzyme from functioning.The changed amino acid may no longer bind to the substrate, which will then not be positioned correctly, if at all, in the active site.
- 5Explain why changing certain amino acids that are not part of the active site also prevents the enzyme from functioning.The changed amino acid may be one that forms hydrogen bonds with other amino acids. If the new amino acid does not form hydrogen bonds the tertiary structure of the enzyme will change, including the active site, so that the substrate may no longer fit.
- 6What are the 3 conditions that need to be satisfied for the reaction to take place naturally?- Molecules must collide with sufficient energy to alter the arrangement of their atoms to form products
- Free energy of the products must be less than that of the substrates
- Must require activation energy to start - 7What is free energy?Energy of a system that is available to perform work.
- 8What do enzymes do to activation energy level and how is this helpful?Lower activation energy level
Enzymes allow reactions to take place at a lower temperature than normal. This enables some metabolic processes to occur rapidly at the human body temperature of 37°C - low. - 9Enzymes are an example of a _________ structure ________ protein with a globular, compact, 3D shape which is the result of their number and sequence of ______ _______ (their primary structure).tertiary
globular
amino acids - 10One region of the enzyme which is made up of a relatively small number of _____ ______ is functional and is called the _______ ________. This forms a small ___________ within the much larger enzyme molecule.amino acids
active site
depression - 11When an enzyme-substrate _______ forms, the substrate is held by bonds that form between certain amino acids of the _________ site and groups on the substrate molecule.complex
active - 12What are the 3 bonds that help to maintain the enzymes shape?Hydrogen bonds
Disulfide bridges
Ionic bonds - 13Enzymes act as _________ which change the rate of a chemical reaction _______ undergoing permanent change themselves. They only _______ up reactions that already occur.catalysts
without
speed - 14Because enzymes are catalysts what can you do with them?- Used repeatedly
- Effective in small concentrations
- Catalyse a wide range of reactions both intracellular and extracellular and so determine the structures and functions of all living things, from cells to complete organisms. - 15What is the specific functional region on the enzyme called?Active site
- 16What is the active site made from?Small number of amino acids
- 17What is formed?Enzyme-substrate complex
- 18What happens in the induced fit model of enzyme action?Active site changes shape it puts a strain on the substrate molecule which distorts bonds in the substrate.
Lowers the activation energy needed to break the bonds and so the reaction with the substrate occurs faster and at a lower temperature. - 19What happens is theres a change in an enzymes environment?Likely to change its shape
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- A level Biology (Section 1: Biological Molecules) Flashcards on 1.7 Enzyme Action, created by Urvi B on 10/02/2018.
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- Urvi B
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