Flashcards
Biology
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Infection What causes ill health?All sorts of things:
genetic disease, lifestyle, degenerative, pathogens, diet, stress - 2What's a communicable disease?Communicable diseases are diseases that can be passed on from someone else
- 3What's a non communicable disease?Non communicable diseases cannot be passed from other people.
- 4Give an example of a communicable disease.Pathogens
- 5Give an example of a non communicable disease.anything from:
Heart disease, genetic, lifestyle, degenerative - 6What are 4 examples of pathogens?Virus, bacteria, protists and fungi
- 7How do bacteria make you ill?They divide rapidly;
They may produce toxins;
They may directly damage your cells - 8How do viruses make you ill?They take over body cells;
They live and reproduce inside the cells;
This damages and destroys them. - 9How do fungi reproduce?Fungi reproduce via spores produced asexually.
- 10How are pathogens spread?Through any of these:
Air, direct contact, water - 11Tell me a disease spread by water and blood.A disease spread by water is cholera, by blood is hepatitis
- 12Defence against disease: Primary defence How does the nose defend against disease?The nose has hairs and mucus which traps the pathogens
- 13How do the eyes defend against disease?The eyes have tears to wash down the pathogens so they don't get into the body.
- 14How does the skin defend against disease?The skin has a thick layer called epidermis to prevent pathogens from getting in.
- 15How do the ears defend against disease?The ears have ear wax so the pathogens get stuck
- 16How does the mouth defend against disease?The saliva in the mouth is acidic so it is a weak disinfectant.
- 17How does the stomach defend against disease?The stomach has an acid that kills the pathogens.
- 18How do the scabs over cuts defend against disease?The scabs protect the cut by not letting pathogens in and falls off once the cut has been cured.
- 19Defence Against Pathogens: Describe how the white blood cells get rid of the pathogen on the first image.The white blood cell uses phagocytosis which means, the WBC ingests (eats) the pathogens and then digests it using enzymes.
- 20Describe how the white blood cells get rid of the pathogen on the second image.The white blood cell surrounds the pathogen using the antibodies that fit the antigens and then ingests it.
- 21Describe how the white blood cells get rid of the pathogen on the third image.The white blood cell releases anti-toxins to surround and get rid of the pathogen's toxins. The anti-toxins begin to neutralise and get rid of them.
- 22Vaccinations: What can vaccines contain?1. Live pathogens treated to make them harmeless
2. harmeless fragments of the live pathogen
3.Dead pathogens - 23How do vaccinations work?A person is injected with a dead or weakened pathogen. The white blood cells see the antigens and take a while to find the right antigens to defeat it. Then the real pathogen comes, and because the body recognises it, it takes less time to defeat it which means it is now immune to this pathogen.