Flashcards
Observation Techniques/Design - (RM)
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1What kind of method is observation techniques?Non-Experimental Method
- 2What do observation techniques access in experiments?The Dependant Variable (DV)
- 3Types of Observations1. Naturalistic Obs
2. Controlled Obs
3. Covert Obs
4. Overt Obs
5. Participant Obs
6. Non-Participant Obs - 4Naturalistic Obs.Behaviour observed in a natural setting w/o interference.
E.g. aggressive behaviour observed in a playground. - 5Controlled Obs.Some control over variable.
E.g. setting up a room in a certain way. - 6Positive Evaluation (Nat. Obs.)- High Internal Validity.
- ppts behave more naturally.
- No experimenter bias / limited investigator effects. - 7Negative Evaluation (Nat. Obs.)- No control over EVs
- Ethical issues / lack of informed consent / privacy. - 8Positive Evaluation (Con. Obs.)- Control over EVs
- 9Negative Evaluation (Con. Obs.)- Lower External Validity.
- Behaviour is not natural.
- Potential experimenter bias. - 10Covert Obsppts are UNAWARE they are being observed (undisclosed)
- 11Overt Obsppts are AWARE they are being observed (disclosed)
- 12Positive Evaluation (Cov. Obs.)- Less Demand Characteristics
- Natural behaviour - 13Negative Evaluation (Cov. Obs.)- Ethical Issues / lack of consent
- Distrust for future research - 14Positive Evaluation (Ove. Obs.)- Reduces ethical issues
- Trust between ppts + observer - 15Negative Evaluation (Ove. Obs.)- Increase chance of Demand Characteristics.
- Unnatural Behaviour - 16What do researchers need to think about when forming an observation design?- Work out WHAT to record + WHEN.
- They need to be RIGOROUS, OBJECTIVE + VALID. - 17Unstructured Obs.Record all relevant behaviour w/o a system.
Easier to achieve with a small sample group. - 18Structured Obs.1. Behavioural Categories.
2. Sampling Procedures. - 19Behavioural Categories- How to record/measure target behaviours.
- Target behaviours broken into
categories.
- They are operationalised.
- Categories must be OBJECTIVE + include ALL component behaviours.
- Must be Mutually Exclusive. - 20Sampling Procedures- WHO + WHEN the researcher will observe.
1. Event Sampling.
2. Time Sampling. - 21Event SamplingCounting the no. of times a target behaviour occurs in a specific individual/group.
- 22Time SamplingRecording behaviours in a specific time frame.
E.g. every 30 seconds. - 23What Observation + Procedure does EVENT SAMPLING come under?- Structured Obs.
- Sampling Procedures. - 24What Observation + Procedure does TIME SAMPLING come under?- Structure Obs.
- Sampling Procedures. - 25What Observation does BEHAVIOURAL CATEGORIES come under?Structured Obs.
- 26What Observation does SAMPLING PROCEDURES come under?Structured Observation
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- A level Psychology (Research Methods) Flashcards on Observation Techniques/Design - (RM), created by yeshe griffiths-golha on 18/04/2018.
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- yeshe griffiths-golha
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