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Flashcards

Heart and circulation

Samantha Bruce biology bl1102 English 43 cards

Heart and circulation

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1why might complex circulatory systems not always be necessary-insects can breather through spiracles (small holes in he abdomen)
    air enter the spiracles allowing oxygen to travel along a network of tubes called the trachea to reach the cells of the body
  2. 2what do all vertebrates circulatory system have in common-closed system
    -consists of heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries
  3. 3what is the basic makeup of the human circulatory system-4 contracting chambers
    -2 loops of blood vessels    what is the basic makeup of the human circulatory system
  4. 4describe the journey as a blood cell moves round the circulatory system1. from the tissue the deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart (atrium> ventricle)
    2. pulmonary loop goes to the lungs (where oxygen is absorbed and CO2 os expelled
    3. the heart drives the oxygenated blood by the systemic loop to all the tissues of the body
    4. there the blood gives up the oxygen to the tissues and in return absorbs the CO2 from the tissues
  5. 5what side of the heart would you find the oxygenated bloodleft side (diagrams should be drawn as if the heart was in your own body and thus the right side of the diagram is the left hand side of the heart
  6. 6describe the function of the lymphatic systemevolved in conjunction with the high pressure of the closed circulatory system to recover the fluid lost to the tissues from the blood
  7. 7what does the heart of a fish look likewhat does the heart of a fish look like
  8. 8describe the fish heart-single circulatory system
    -one atrium and one ventricle
    blood reaches the tissues after passing over the gills - this occurs at low pressure
    -only suitable in organisms that have a low metabolic rate
  9. 9what does the circulatory system of the fish look likewhat does the circulatory system of the fish look like
  10. 10describe the action of the gill and systemic capillary system in fishblood flowing in the systemic part of the circulation is at low pressure
    this is okay for ectotherms- animal that is dependent on external sources for heat
  11. 11describe what the vertebrate circulatory system looks likedescribe what the vertebrate circulatory system looks like
  12. 12describe the vertebrate circulatory system-partial double circulation
    -there is a little mixing of the blood
    -can redirect blood to sand from the lungs to the skin
  13. 13why does mixing occur in the vertebrate heartlacks a septum between the ventricle
    -nothing to operate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  14. 14how does the partial double circulatory system allow the vertebrates controlallows the volume of blood that goes to the heart to be controlled
    this can be useful in animals that are intermittent breathers
  15. 15how does the vertebrate heart prevent mixingthere is a ridge within the heart of the amphibians that prevents the mixing and allows 90% of oxygenated blood to be moved through the systemic system
  16. 16describe what the heart of amphibians looks likedescribe what the heart of amphibians looks like
  17. 17describe the heart of amphibiansthere is still only one ventricle
    -it is partially devoted by a septum
    allows the control of the blood flow
  18. 18what does the human hear look likewhat does the human hear look like
  19. 19what feature of the human heart isn't present in any of the other heartsatrioventricular valve
    -between the atria and ventricle
  20. 20what causes the heart to contract-it contracts spontaneously
    -there is cell to cell transmission via intercalated discs
    -ventricle= slow rhythm
    atria= fast rhythm
    sino atrial node- beats the fasts and s the pacemaker of the heart
  21. 21what is the myogenic property of the heartcontraction os spontaneous
  22. 22what is an ECG (electrocardiogram)-a measure of the electrical currents accompanying the spread od excitation by measurable electrical currents
    -recorded by electrodes on the skin
  23. 23what does an ECG wave look likewhat does an ECG wave look like
  24. 24what causes the P wave of an ECGproduced by the contraction of the atrial muscles
  25. 25what is the cause of the QRS complexproduced as the ventricle muscles contract
  26. 26what is the cause of the T waverecovery of the muscles after contraction
  27. 27what controls the frequency and strength of the nervous system-autonomic nervous system
    this means that this is done automatically
  28. 28what is controlled by the sympathetic nervous systemexcitation of the heart
    -increase of the heart rate
    -increase in the stroke volume (greater force of contraction)
  29. 29what is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system-inhibition of the heart rate
    -decrease of the heart rate
    -decrease in stroke volume is controlled by the use of less force of contraction
  30. 30what does epinephrine doadrenaline
    fight or flight response
    increase in both the heart rate and the stroke volume
    the actions of epinephrine are similar to that controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
  31. 31what is the outcome of exercise on the cardiac cycle-increase cardiac output
    increase mainly attributed to the increase in heart rate
  32. 32to what factor can haeart rate vary during exercise--factor of 3
    -between 60 and 180 bpm
  33. 33to what factor does the stroke volume vary during exercise-vary by a factor of 1.7
    from 70-120ml
  34. 34what is the effect of the cardiac output to different body parts-does not go to all parts of the body equally
    -6 fold increase in the output but mostly an increase in the blood travelling to the skeletal muscle
    -blood to the gut is reduced
    blood travelling to the brain remains constant
  35. 35what is the name for when the heart chamber is contractingsystole
  36. 36what is the name for the heart chamber when it is at restdiastole
  37. 37what are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle1. cardiac and ventricle diastole- this is when the heart muscles are relaxed and the chambers are filling with blood (0.4s)
    2. atrial systole and ventricle diastole- atrial contraction and blood flowing to the relaxed ventricle (0.1s)
    3.ventrical systole, atrial diastole- ventricles contract and divert blood to the main arteries and the lungs
  38. 38what are the sounds heard through the stethoscopecloser of the valves within the heart
  39. 39what happens during systoleblood forced under high pressure into the aorta and the blood surges forward into the arteries
  40. 40what happens during diastolepressure falls and the elastic recoil of the previously stretched arteries maintain some pressure in the blood
  41. 41what determines the blood pressureboth the cardiac output and the peripheral resistance met by the blood as it passes through the arterioles an capillaries
  42. 42what piece of equipment can be used to measure the blood pressureSphygmomanometer
  43. 43hows does the sphygmomanometer work1. cuff inflated until the pressure closes the artery and the blood doesn't pass through (stethoscope can hear no sound- heartbeat)
    2. the cuff is slowly released and when the pressure of the cuff falls just below that of the artery and blood is allowed to flow through this is the measurement of the maximal blood pressure SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
    3.the cuff is allowed to to deflate and blood flow freely through the artery- the sound below the cuff disappears- THIS IS THE DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE

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bl1102 biology Flashcards on Heart and circulation , created by Samantha Bruce on 16/05/2018.
Created by
Samantha Bruce · May 2018
Updated
May 16, 2018
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