Flashcards
catalysts + enzymes
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What is a catalyst?increase the rate of a chemical reaction without changing chemically themselves
- 2What are enzymes?biological catalysts which catalyse specific reactions in living organisms
- 3What is the active site?amino acid chains which are folded to match the shape of a specific substrate molecule
- 4Describe the lock and key theory.1. a substrate fits into an enzyme with a matching active site
2. the substrate splits into products which leave the active site
3. the enzyme is ready to use again - 5Define metabolism.the sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body
- 6Give examples of different enzymes which can catalyse specific types of metabolic reactions.→ building large molecules from lots of smaller ones
• building starch, glycogen, or cellulose from glucose
• lipids from fatty acids
• proteins from amino acids
→ changing one molecule into another
• changing one simple molecule into another, ie. glucose to fructose
• converting one amino acid into another
→ breaking down large molecules into smaller ones
• breaking down carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in digestion
• breaking down glucose in cellular respiration
• breaking down excess amino acids to form urea - 7What is enzyme activity affected by?1. temperature
2. pH - 8What does it mean when an enzyme is denatured?the shape of the enzyme is breaks down due to a change in conditions
- 9What is the effect on enzymes when the temperature increases?the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions increases as the temp. increases
- 10What is the optimum temperature for enzyme action?37C and the highest is 41C
- 11What happens to the enzymes after 41C?the long amino acid chains begin to unravel, and as a result the shape of the active site changes, meaning the substrate will no longer be able to fit in it
- 12What happens to the body without enzymes, and why is this dangerous?none of the reactions in would happen fast enough to keep you alive and this is why it is dangerous if your temperature gets too high when you are ill
- 13What is the effect of pH on enzymes?it affects the shape of the active site of an enzyme, and make it work very efficiently OR stop it working
- 14________ enzymes work best at different pH levels.Different enzymes work best at different pH levels.
Information
- Description
- • 3.4: catalysts and enzymes • 3.5: factors effecting enzyme action
- Created by
- Farha Idrees
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