Flashcards
Biology Term 4
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1BiosphereThe sum of all the spheres and ecosystems including the interactions tha occure between them
- 2LithosphereThe cold, rigid outer shell of the earth that is made out of solid rock
- 3HydrosphereThe mass of water lying on, over or under the surface of the earth that includes lakes, rivers, and oceans. This can either be in the form of ice, saline or fresh water.
- 4AtmosphereThe envelope of gases that surround earth which mostly include nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The layers include the exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere.
- 5Human Impacts: LithosphereHumans affect the lithosphere by clearing land causing s the water table to rise, salts to come to the surface causing the soil to become salinized and too salty to cultivate plants. Mining takes away important minerals and nutrients away from the soil.
- 6Human Impacts: HydrosphereHumans affect the hydrosphere by melting ice caps which increases sea levels, oil spills and water pollution. ocean acidification is caused when the carbon dioxide from the air is absorbed by the water and pH levels lower. Water temperature and levels can also rise due to human impact and global warming. Pollution from industrial waste, and fertilisers can also affect masses of water Atmosphere.
- 7Human Impacts: AtmosphereCombustion of fossil fuels can increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Air pollution from factories and smoke can also hinder the atmosphere as well as rising temperature as an effect of global warming.
- 8BiomeLarge areas of land with similar natural features
- 9Key Characteristics of biomesClimate (precipitation, evaporation & temperature)
Altitude and latitude
Soil - 10Key Charateristics: Marine Biome- Covers 3/4 of Earth and includes oceans, coral reefs estuaries such as the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern oceans
- average temperature 4°C
- Plants include kelp, algae and phytoplankto
- Animal species include mollusks, fish, whales and sharks - 11Key Charateristics: Desert Biome- covers a fifth of earth's surface and examples include the Sahara of north Africa and Antarctica.
- Rain is very light and minimal
- Temperature differs in different types of deserts.
- Plants in hot deserts include cacti whilst coastal deserts include salt bush and black sage.
- - 12Key Characteristics: Forest Biome- 3% of Earth including the amazon and Congo rainforests.
- There is at least 2000mm of rainfall and ranges from 18 to 30 degrees.
- Common plants include epiphyte, such as moss and fern.
- Animals include monkeys, toucans and frogs - 13Key Characteristics: Grassland Biome- Grasslands include the deldts of Africa, the pampas of south America and the plains of North America.
- Rainfall ranges from 55 to 94 cm and summer can be as hot as 38 degrees.
- Grasses dominate the land such as needle grass, and wild oats.
- Zebras, antelope and fox. - 14Key Characteristics: Tundra Biome- Tundra cover a fifth of land and located in the arctic circle near the north pole.
- Arctic tundras are found in the northern hemisphere whilst alpine are found around the world.
- It is the coldest and driest with very little rainfall.
- Temperature rarely get above 10 degrees.
- Plants include low shrubs, and lichen
- herbivorous mammals such as hares, lemmings and squirrels. - 15Human Impact: Aquatic BiomeIndustrial waste and oil spills, ocean acidification, increased temperature, overfishing, pollution and garbage.
Prevention: recycling, reducing pollution, restrictions on fishing - 16Human Imapcts: DesertErosion, desertification, mining of fossil fuels, pollution and loss of important minerals
Prevention: reduce mining, integrating land and water management - 17Human Impact: ForestDeforestation, tourism, taking natural resources - causes unbalance in ecosystem
Prevention: regeneration of trees, dont use rainforest products such as palm oil, prevention of pollution - 18Human Impacts: GrasslandConversion of grassland to farming land, leading to loss of habitats, hunting of endangered animals
Prevention- conserve grassland by finding other areas for farming, conserve animals and restrictions on hunting, - 19Human Impacts: TundraMine and oil industry, increased population and new infrastructure disrupting animals and damage to permafrost.
Prevention- alternative energy uses, establish protected areas, limit road construction and tourism - 20Food Chain are limited in their lengthIt is rare to find food chains that have more than four or five trophic levels because the loss of energy limits the length of food chains . The 10% rule suggests that only 10% of the energy is passed on as the rest is lost through heat and waste. As there is not enough sufficient energy, food chains cannot go on for eternity.
- 21Food ChainDescribes the feeding relationship, and shows the direction of the flow of energy between organisms as they dependent on another for source of food.
- 2210% ruleThe 10% rule shows how only 10% of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level as the rest is lost due to heat and waste.
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- IB Biology Flashcards on Biology Term 4 , created by Emma Pietsch on 13/11/2018.
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- Emma Pietsch
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