Flashcards
Caregiver-Infant Interactions
Cards in this deck (8)
- 1Caregiver-Infant Interactions- Reciprocity
- Interactional Synchrony - 2Reciprocity- Research in the 70's demonstrated that infants coordinate their actions with caregivers - taking in turns to act
- Brazelton (1979) suggested that a basic rhythm is important for later communications
- The regularity of the infant's actions allow the caregiver to anticipate and react appropriately - 3Interactional Synchrony- Meltzoff and Moore (1977) found that infants as young as 2-3 weeks old imitated specific facial and hand gestures
- Infant with dummy + shown gestures
- Infant without dummy + shown gestures
- Meltzoff and Moore (1983) demonstrated the same synchrony in infants aged 3 days
- Behavioural response must be innate - 4Real of Pseudo-imitation?- Meltzoff and Moore-imitation is deliberate
- Piaget (1962) believed that true imitation develops later on in the first year and anything before was "response training"
> Behaviour is rewarded (operant conditioning)
> Murray et al (1985) - infant elicits a response from the caregiver - 5EvaluationProblems with testing on infants
> Infant's mouths are constantly moving and the expressions tested occurred frequently
> Had another observer judging the behaviour - increased internal validity - 6EvaluationFailure to replicate
> Koepke et al (1983) failed to replicate - Meltzoff and Moore argued that the study was less controlled
> Marian et al (1996) replicated the Murray study - suggesting infants couldn't distinguish between a video and live actions - 7EvaluationIs behaviour intentional?
> Testing using inanimate objects to observe infant behaviour when interacting with 2 objects - tongue movement and mouth movement
> Abravanel and DeYong (1991) - infants aged 5-12 weeks made little response to objects: social response to humans - 8EvaluationIndividual differences
> The stronger the attachment between infant and caregiver = stronger interactional synchrony
> Increased imitation from birth = better quality relationships at 3 months
- Unclear if imitation is a cause or effect of early synchrony