Flashcards
Lecture 4 - connective tissue
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1What are the three MAIN categories of connective tissueConnective tissue proper
Supporting connective tissue
Fluid connective tissue - 2What do tendons connectmuscles to bone
- 3What do ligaments connectBone to bone
- 4Which germ(s) layer generates connective tissueThe mesoderm
- 5What are the two main components of all connective tissueCells
Extracellular matrix (ECM) - 6Each major class of connective tissue has resident cells which create, maintain, or break down the ECM. Name the three for bonesTo create - Osteoblasts
To maintain - Osteocytes
To break down - Osteoclasts - 7Apart from resident cells, name the 6 types of cells that can be housed in connective tissueAdipose cells
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Mast cells
White blood cells
Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells - 8What is ECM made ofGround substance (the fluid)
and
Extracellular protein fibres - 9What does the ECM doIt acts as a scaffold for organs and tissue, giving it structure
- 10What is ground substanceA gel-like fluid that fills the space between cells
- 11What is ground substance made ofWater
Cell adhesion proteins (connective tissue glue, always ends in -nectin)
Proteoglycans (A macromolecule with a protein core to which GAGs are attached) - 12What happens if the amount of GAGs attached to a proteoglycan is increasedMore GAGs will increase the viscosity of the ground substance
Like a good sponge that wont leak - 13What are the different types of fibres found in connective tissueCollagen fibres
Elastic fibres
Reticular fibres - 14What creates collagen fibres and what nutrient is vital to form its structureFibroblasts
requires vitamin C to make tropocollagen - 15Describe the structure of collagen FibresThree chain of amino acids which wrap around each-other, forming a rope-like collagen molecule. this is then aligned with hundreds of other strands to form fibres
- 16How many different types of collagen are there and which ones make: tendons ligaments cartilage reticular fibres25+ types of collagen
types 1-4 are most abundant
Tendons - type 1
Ligaments - type 1
Cartilage - type 2
reticular fibres - type 3 - 17What creates elastic fibresFibroblasts
(same as collagen fibres) - 18what role do reticular fibres provideAllow more 'give' than collagen fibres
usually act as basement membranes for epithelial tissue - 19What are the two categories of 'connective tissue proper' along with their sub-categoriesLoose: -
-Areolar
-Reticular
-Adipose
Dense:-
-Regular collagenous
-Regular elastic
-Irregular collagenous
-Irregular elastic - 20What does areolar connective tissue doAreolar connective tissues hold organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues. It also serves as a reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissues. Almost all cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into areolar connective tissue.
- 21What are the two categories of 'fluid connective tissue' along with their sub-categoriesBlood:-
-Red cells
-White cells
-Platelets
Haemopoietic:-
-Red marrow
-Yellow marrow - 22Where is reticular connective tissue foundFound giving support to the spleen and lymph nodes
- 23what is the key difference between loose and dense connective tissue proper?loose = - fibres + ground substance
dense = + fibres - ground substance - 24Where would you find 'regular elastic' connective tissuevocal chords
- 25Where would you find 'irregular elastic' connective tissueLining the aorta
- 26What is scurvylack of vitamin C causing defective collagen fibres
- 27What is Marfan's syndromeDefective elastic fibres caused by abnormal production of fibrillin-1
causes weak elastic fibres and overgrowth of tissues
(can causes prolapses in the heart and arteries) - 28What is Pulmonary emphysemaDefective elastic fibres in the alveoli.
destruction of elastic tissue caused by increase in elastase activity - generated by pollution and smoking tobacco
Alveoli collapse and fuse together - 29What is fibrosisScar tissue formation (collagen 1), specifically excess formation that obliterates the architecture of the underlying tissue and makes diffusion significantly harder
- 30Name the three main illnesses surrounding bone marrow and blood productionLeukaemia - high number of abnormal white blood cells
Lymphoma - abnormal lymphocytes
Myeloma - abnormal plasma cells - 31What is produced in the bone marrowRed blood cells
White blood cells
platelets
Lymphocytes - 32How does the distribution of red/yellow bone marrow change as you get olderAs an infant, all of your bone marrow is red.
As you get older, the middle of long bones are replaced with yellow bone marrow
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- Human 2-11 Flashcards on Lecture 4 - connective tissue, created by Mairi Edwards on 10/04/2019.
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