Flashcards
Acid-Base balance
Cards in this deck (6)
- 1What is the anion gap?Measures the unmeasured anion gap
(Na +K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Should be between 10-18mmol/L - 2What causes a metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate) with an increased anion gap?Increased production, reduced excretion, of fixed organic acids. HCO3- falls and unmeasured anions associated with the acids accumulate
1) Lactic acidosis (shock, infection, tissue ischaemia)
2) Urate (renal failure)
3) Ketones (diabetes melitus, alcohol)
4) Drugs/toxins (salicylate, biguanides, ethylene glycol, methanol) - 3What causes a metabolic acidosis (low pH, low bicarbonate) with a normal anion gap?Loss of bicarbonate or ingestion of H+ ions (Cl- is retained)
1) Renal tubular acidosis
2) Diarrhoea
3) Drugs (acetazolamide)
4) Addison's disease (hyperkalemia displaces H+ ions leading to acidosis?)
5) Pancreatic fistula
6) Ammonium chloride ingestion - 4What causes a metabolic alkalosis? (high pH, high bicarb)1) Vomiting
2) K+ depletion (diuretics)
3) Burns
4) Ingestion of base - 5What causes a respiratory acidosis (low pH, high CO2)?Type 2 respiratory failure due to any lung, neuromuscular, or physical cause
COPD is most common
Can occur in respiratory exhaustion i.e. asthma, pneumonia, and pulmonary oedema - 6What causes a respiratory alkalosis (high pH, low CO2)Hyperventilation of any cause
CNS: stroke, subarachnoid bleed, meningitis
Others: asthma, anxiety, altitude, high temperature, pregnancy, pulmonary emboli, drugs such as salicylates
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- Met3B (Endocrinology) Flashcards on Acid-Base balance, created by Anna Hogarth on 08/03/2020.
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- Anna Hogarth
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