Flashcards
History|The Cold War- Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain and East-West Rivalry
Cards in this deck (6)
- 1Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry THE LONG TELEGRAM~WHO AND WHEN:
-22nd February, 1946
-Made by George Kennan
~WHAT DID IT SAY AND CONFIRM:
-He believed that the Soviets wanted to spread the USSR's influence as widely as possible.
-The USSR saw the USA as its enemy.
-Any attempt between the USSR and the USA at cooperation would fail.
-It confirmed President Truman's fears and had a large influence on his future approach towards the USSR. - 2Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry CHURCHILL'S IRON CURTAIN SPEECH~WHEN AND WHO:
-6th March 1946
-Winston Churchill
~WHAT DID IT SAY AND HOW DID STALIN VIEW IT:
-The USSR was attempting to spread its influence across the rest of Europe and increase its power.
-An invisible line had split Europe in two between the East and West. This was called the Iron Curtain.
-This term was widely used. Truman was on Churchill's side when he made the speech, respected and shared the same views as Chruchill.
-In Moscow, the speech was viewed as a deliberate misrepresentation of the USSR's aims. - 3Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE, 1947~WHAT DID TRUMAN SAY AND WHAT WAS ITS PURPOSE:
-Said that communism was a serious threat to the World.
-The USA would support any country that was under threat.
-Containment (stopping the spread of communism).
-To make it clear to the USSR that its expansion in Europe had to end. - 4Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry THE MARSHALL PLAN~WHAT WAS THE PLAN AND WHAT WAS ITS PURPOSE:
-Aid economic recovery in Europe to stop countries from turning to communism.
-Create a market for American goods to build up economy.
-Made by secretary of state, George Marshall, and was announced on 5th June 1947.
~WHAT WERE THE RESULTS OF THE PLAN:
-$13.15 billion was divided among the countries that were willing to accept the aid.
-Aid was supplied in the form of money and resources. - 5Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry STALIN'S REACTION- COMINFORM & COMECON~STALIN'S RESPONSE TO TRUMAN DOCTRINE (COMINFORM):
-Saw it as a direct threat to communism.
-Created a communist Information Bureau (cominform) to ensure unity in Eastern Europe.
-All cominform members would meet regularly in Moscow to ensure they were all following the same policies.
~YUGOSLAVIA:
-Tito was unwilling to follow all of Stalin's instructions. He saw Yugoslavia as an independent country.
-In 1948, Tito accepted Marshall aid. Yugoslavia was was the only communist country to accept this american aid.
-It was a communist country that was not behind the Iron curtain.
~STALIN'S RESPONSE TO MARSHALL PLAN- COMECON:
-In 1949, Stalin created comecon, a soviet alternative to Marshall aid. Countries who signed up to comecon were agreeing to work together and share resources in what was officially a union of equal partners.
-He made it clear that Eastern European countries should not accept Marshall aid. - 6Part 1: The Origins of the Cold War Topic Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain & The Evolution of East -West rivalry THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT, 1948-49~MARCH 1948:
-Western allies agreed to unify their sectors of Germany and Berlin and introduce a new currency.
^Stalin did the same for the East (seriously why he always copying the West???)
~APRIL 1948:
-The Mini blockade included blocking military supply routes, traffic restrictions and closing bridges for maintenance.
~24th JUNE 1948:
-Stalin launched full blockade. No supplies could reach non-soviet part of the city.
^This included no food, fuels, medical supplies or electricity.
~26th JUNE 1948:
-British and American planes began delivering supplies to West Berlin.
-At it's peak, planes were arriving every 3 minutes and around 4000 tonnes of supplies were delivered every day.
~12th MAY 1949:
-Stalin gave in and ended the blockade.
-The blockades and airlifts had pushed the 2 sides to the brink of War.
~23rd MAY 1949:
-West Germany became the Federal Republic of Germany (FDR), an independent democratic country.
~OCTOBER 1949:
-Germany Democratic Republic (GDR) was created as a communist state.
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- Flashcards on History|The Cold War- Key Topic 2: The Iron Curtain and East-West Rivalry, created by Lily Murray on 16/03/2020.
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