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Flashcards

Hinduism

Miss Rogers SPS Evidence English 21 cards

Cards in this deck (21)

  1. 1What are the Atman and Samsara beliefs that influences a Hindus life?Atman means ‘eternal self’, when a Hindu refers to the atman, they are referring to the immortal part of their self that will exist for eternity. Samsara refers to the process of reincarnation, the belief that there is a cycle of rebirth of the soul that occurs repeatedly. The actions of a person in their mortal life determine their incarnation in the next.
  2. 2What are the Moksha and Karma beliefs that influences a Hindus life?The ultimate goal in life is to reach moksha, it means salvation and freedom from the cycle of samsara. If Hindus manage to overcome ignorance and desire, including desire for moksha, then they may achieve moksha when they die. Karma is the belief that all actions have a reaction. So, good actions will allow Hindus to have a good mortal life, and this will increase their chance of achieving moksha.
  3. 3How do these ideas link to Brahman?When a Hindu is attempting to achieve moksha, they are attempting to achieve becoming one with Brahman. Brahman is part of all living things, and is an unchanging ultimate reality. Hindus understand the Birhadaranayaka Upanishad as the source of wisdom concerned with the nature of God and the self. Once a person has achieved moksha, the cycle of samsara ends and the person ‘merges in Brahman’.
  4. 4What is the purpose of life for Hindus?To achieve four aims, called Purusharthas, these are dharma, kama, artha and moksha. These provide Hindus with opportunities to act morally, ethically and lead a good life. Throughout their lives, Hindus attempt to end the cycle of samsara and behave in a way that provides good karma in this life and the next.
  5. 5What is Dharma?This is related to a person’s true purpose and is concerned with a person’s duty and the actions the person takes. Each Hindu believes that they have their own personal dharma, and they must lead a righteous life. Hindus want to end the cycle of samsara, and therefore they aim to make morally right decisions in order to achieve good karma.
  6. 6What is Kama and Artha?Kama means love, desire and pleasure. Hindus aim to achieve pleasure in many ways, including sports, cultural interests, and sexual pleasure, as sex is a natural part of human instinct and produces children. Artha means prosperity, it is of utmost importance to attain material wealth as part of attempting to achieve moksha, but Hindus must not become attached to this wealth.
  7. 7What is Sanatana Dharma?The eternal dharma that governs all Hindus regardless of their status or caste. It is the eternal duty towards God and a code of conduct for how the Hindu community should act. Therefore, Hindus in their daily lives attempt to be aware of their actions and show virtues such as patience, kindness and loyalty. It helps Hindus to focus on their own spiritual journey and their own aims in life while also undertaking the duties towards God.
  8. 8How is Sanatana dharma different from personal dharma?It is a community-wide set of duties and virtues, but many Hindus view Sanatana dharma and personal dharma as interchangeable. This is because by paying attention to their personal dharma, they will be living a virtuous life that demonstrates a positive code of conduct for other Hindus.
  9. 9What is Varnashrama dharma?An outdated form of dharma as it focuses on social class (or caste) and materialistic duties in life. It appears in the Rig Veda but is not widely practised among Hindus today. The four main classes are Brahmins (teachers and priests), Kshatriyas (warriors and leaders), Vaishyas (merchants, traders and farmers), and Shudras (manual workers and labourers).
  10. 10Why is Varnashrama dharma important to some Hindus?It places an emphasis on a person’s position due to their actions in life. A person’s actions in their mortal life will allow them to move through these stages over the course of several lifetimes. All Hindus aim to be Brahmans but to achieve this status, they have to move through the other three castes in their mortal lives.
  11. 11How do Hindus view suffering?They accept both mental and physical suffering as a part of their lives and this allows them to move forward. Also, suffering can be caused by being attached to material things and they must overcome this In order to achieve moksha and break the cycle of samsara.
  12. 12What is Ahimsa?The ideal of total non-violence in thoughts, words, and actions. Hindus must ensure that they do not inflict pain upon others. They should try to live their lives in a compassionate and caring way by giving to charity. This will help Hindus to achieve their ultimate goal of moksha and freedom from samsara by gaining good karma.
  13. 13What do Hindu scriptures say about suffering?The Mahabharata tells Hindus that they should treat others with the same level of respect that they would expect others to show to them. Hindus may specifically use this source of wisdom and authority in relation to how they interact with people of a different social class. This allows them to demonstrate humility and work towards understanding why people suffer.
  14. 14What is the Rig Veda?A source of wisdom and authority that helps Hindus to understand the nature of creation. It is known to some Hindus as the Hymn of Creation. Each verse demonstrates different aspects of creation, showing that it is infinite
  15. 15What are Yugas?Cycles of time, the four stages that creation must pass through. The stages are; Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dwapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. Many Hindus believe that we are living the Kali Yuga. They each represent a stage of evolution, and humankind becomes better or worse physically, mentally and spiritually depending on each generations actions.
  16. 16What is the idea of many worlds?Hindus believe that there are 14 lokas, or worlds that make up a multiverse, and there are inhabitants in each of these planetary systems. The lokas are divided into the seven upper worlds, known as vyarthis, and the seven lower worlds, known as patalas.
  17. 17What are the seven vyarthis?Satya-loka (the place of Brahma, where each person’s atman is released from the inevitability of rebirth), Tapa-loka (where Ayohnija devadasis lives), Jana-loka (where the sons of the god Brahma live), Mahar-loka (where enlightened beings such as Markandeya live), Svar-loka (the area between the Sun and the Polar Star, the Heaven of the god Indra where all the 330 million Hindu gods live), Bhuvar-loka (or Pitri-loka) (the space between Earth and the Sun where semi-divine beings live), Bhur-loka (the Earth, one of billions of inhabited worlds in the universe).
  18. 18What are the seven patalas?Atala-loka (Atala is ruled by Bala, a son of Maya, she possesses mystical powers), Vitala-loka (Vitala is ruled by the god Hara-Bhava, a form of Shiva), Sutala-loka (Sutala is the kingdom of the demon king Bali), Talatala-loka (Talatala is the realm of Maya, Shiva is here under Maya's protection), Mahatala-loka (Mahatala is where many nagas (serpents) live), Rasatala-loka (the home of the demons Danavas and Daityas), Patala-loka (or Naga-loka) (the lowest realm, the region of nagas, ruled by Vasuki a King serpent).
  19. 19What is Prakriti and the Triguna?The prakriti is a creative or natural force made up of three gunas. These are;
    sattva (Goodness, a state of harmony), rajas (Passion, a state of energy and change), and tamas (ignorance and darkness). Together, these are known as the Triguna and each guna is controlled by one of the three main deities; Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva.
  20. 20Why is Prakriti important?Many Hindus believe that the soul’s preference for goodness, passion or ignorance will affect how that person is reincarnated. Each person has a gunic ‘makeup’, and Hindus believe that the dissolution of the universe at the end of each yugas has an impact on the balance of the gunas. Therefore, people who are in the cycle of samsara need to be mindful of the gunas in order to attain moksha and end the cycle of reincarnation.
  21. 21What is Maya?A concept focused on the ideas of illusion and mysticism (direct experience of the divine). For Hindus it is directly linked to our human understanding of the world around us. When Hindus refer to the world as Maya, they are talking about the idea that the world is an illusion but that God allows people to believe it is real through magic.

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Description
SPS Evidence (Hinduism) Flashcards on Hinduism, created by Miss Rogers on 22/02/2021.
Created by
Miss Rogers · Feb 2021
Updated
Feb 22, 2021
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  • Created by Miss Rogers · May 23, 2020
  • Copied by Miss Rogers · Feb 22, 2021
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