Flashcards
Surgery: ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1How did 'Chemistry' play an important part in surgery?New understanding in Chemistry led to the development of anaesthetics and antiseptics, so surgeons became more willing to try more complex operations.
e.g. Removing tumours and gall stones (an internal obstruction.) - 2As a result of improved anaesthetics and antiseptic, when did operations to remove gall stones and the gall bladder become a widely used procedure?The 1880s.
- 3What other significant factor, other than pain and infection, did developments in Chemistry help to improve?The storage of blood.
- 4New technology: Infection.1. Lister's carbolic spray.
2. Sterilising medical instruments with Robert Koch's 'steam steriliser.'
3. Wearing rubber gloves.
4. Using sterilised catgut for ligatures. - 5What changes have been made to modern operating theatres in hospitals since the early 1900s?1. Aseptic surgery (carried out in the absence of bacteria).
2. Wearing surgical gowns.
3. Wearing face masks.
4. The operating theatre remains a closed environment during operations. - 6What developments in science have led to the modern aseptic and sanitary conditions within medical facilities today?1. Pasteur's Germ Theory.
2. Robert Koch's work on identifying harmful bacteria and the invention of the steam steriliser.
3. Understanding in chemistry.
4. Understanding in biology.
5. The development of bacteriology, a new branch of science. - 7What year did Robert Koch develop the 'steam steriliser?'1878.
- 8Who discovered X-rays?William Roentgen.
- 9What year were X-rays discovered?1895.
- 10What was the effect of the discovery of X-rays on surgeons confidence for operations?Surgeons were now more confident to attempt internal operations.
- 11How was the use of X-rays able to become so widespread in such a short period of time?Roentgen did not take out a patent on his discovery.
- 12What evidence is there to prove how quickly the use X-rays spread?1. Within a year, 1896, the London Royal Hospital had its first X-ray machine.
2. In 1902, even Exeter Hospital had its own X-ray machine; and yet, Exeter is not necessarily a major city in the UK. - 13What benefits did the use of X-rays provide during WW1?1. X-rays made it possible for surgeons to extract bullets and shrapnel without opening the wound further; this reduced problems of bleeding and infection.
2. Mobile X-ray units were developed for use for the benefit of surgeons operating on the Front Line. - 14Who invented the 'chloroform inhaler?'Dr. John Snow.
- 15When was the 'chloroform inhaler' invented?1848.
- 16What did the 'chloroform inhaler' solve the problem of?Patients receiving an overdose of the chloroform drug.
* Previously, when chloroform was first administered, it was normally done by a patient inhaling some drops of the drug from a handkerchief.
This made it difficult to deliver a correct and safe dosage, and so death was not uncommon. - 17Who invented the 'hypodermic needle?'Alexander Wood.
- 18What year was the 'hypodermic needle' invented?1853.
- 19How was the invention of the 'hypodermic needle' beneficial?Allowed correct and safe drug dosages to be administered to patients.
* The needle was also used in blood transfusions. - 20Summary of the roles played by science and technology in the development of surgery.Science played an important role in suggesting ways of improving surgery, but technology was needed in order to put these ideas into good, widespread practice.
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- GCSE GCSE HISTORY Flashcards on Surgery: ROLE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, created by Chloe Fairbrother on 13/06/2015.
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- Chloe Fairbrother
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