Flashcards
Lecture 17 the brain
Cards in this deck (54)
- 1three layers of cranial meningesdura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater - 2function of CSFprotects, cushions, and nourishes the brain and spinal cord
removes waste - 3What is CSF produced by?the choroid plexus
- 4choroid plexusependymal cells + blood capillaries
- 5Where is the CSF recirculated back into the blood and in how long?at arachnoid granulations
around every 8 hours - 6where is CSF found?around brain & spinal cord
within ventricles in brain - 7what is the blood brain barrier?lining of blood vessels consists of endothelial cells that are highly interconnected by tight junctions
- 8what material can pass directly from the blood to the cells of brain and spinal cord?lipid soluble materials
- 9who is Hydrocephalus found in?found in adults and children but more common in newborns
- 10what is hydrocephalus?blocked flow of CSF(fluid backs up)
- 11What causes hydrocephalus in adults?tumors, strokes, or defects
- 12what causes hydrocephalus in newborns?often due to recirculation villi or capillary underdevelopment
- 13what does hydrocephalus in newborns look like?skull EXPANDS due to fontanelles (soft spots); skull not fused
- 14what does hydrocephalus do in adults?Adult skulls wont expand but may cause brain damage
- 15treatment for hydrocephalus?medication or shunt
- 16how many neurons are in the brain?around 100 Billion
- 17how much of the brain is FAT and what does this mean?around 60%
very susceptible to damage due to toxins - 18how much does the brain weigh?3 pounds (varies with size)
- 19How much larger is the male brain than the female brain?10% larger
- 20telencephalon brain structure and its functionCEREBBRUM - functions in conscious thought, memory, and learning
- 21What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?1. frontal lobe
2. parietal lobe
3. occipital lobe
4. temporal lobe - 22Frontal Lobeprimary SOMATIC MOTOR cortex
(conscious control skeletal muscles)
has pre-frontal cortex - 23Pre-frontal cortexinvolved in intellect complex learning, judgement, long term planning, personality
- 24Parietal Lobeprimary SOMATIC SENSORY cortex
(conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temp,...) - 25Occipital LobePrimary VISUAL cortex
(conscious perception of visual stimulus) - 26Temporal LobePrimary AUDITORY/OLFACTORY cortex
(conscious perception of sound and smell) - 27Examples of White matterinternal capsule(projection fibers), arcuate fibers, and commissural fibers
- 28internal capsule (projection fibers), arcuate fibers, commissural fibers allow...neurons to send messages to other lobes, brain regions, spinal cords,etc
- 29examples of Grey MatterCerebral Cortex and Cerebral Nuclei(Basal Ganglia)
- 30Cerebral Cortexaround 2.5 foot^2 surface area (folded into sulci and gyri)
mainly neuron cell bodies - 31Cerebral Nuclei (basal ganglia)functions on large SUBconscious movements of skeletal muscle
rhythm of body, gait, tone - 32Diencephalon brain structuresThalamus & hypothalamus
- 33thalamus functionfunctions as a sensory "relay station" to cerebral cortex
amplify / inhibit - 34hypothalamusmain control center for autonomic NS & endocrine system
center for emotions - fear, rage, sex drive
sleep-wake cycle - 35Mesencephalon brain structurescerebral peduncle
corpora quadrigemina - 36cerebral peduncleascending & descending fibers pass thru here
"little feet of brain" - 37corpora quadrigeminavisual and auditory reflexes
"quadruplets" - 38Metencephalon brain structuresCerebellum "little brain"
Pons "bridge" - 39Cerebellum functions (3)1. receives info from cerebrum, inner ear, body
2. smooths out & coordinates body movements
3. maintains posture & equilibrium - 40Pons functions (2)1. links the cerebrum with the brain and spinal cord
2. contains center for respiratory rhythm - 41Myelencephalon brain structuremedulla oblongata
- 42medulla oblongatacontinuous with spinal cord
contains center for autonomic functions (heart beat, BP, vomiting, swallowing,...) - 43where do the cranial nerves branch from?the brainstem (except the olfactory nerve)
- 44what do cranial nerves innervate with?muscles, skin, glands of face & neck
visceral organs - 45Order of cranial nerves based on location (1 - 12)1. Olfactory (S)
2. Optic (S)
3. Oculomotor (M)
4. Trochlear
5. Trigeminal
6. Abducens
7. Facial
8. Vestibulocochlear
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
11. Accessory
12. Hypoglossal - 46—
- 47—
- 48—
- 49—
- 50—
- 51—
- 52—
- 53—
- 54—
Information
- Description
- Biology Flashcards on Lecture 17 the brain, created by Rukaiya Doctor on 11/04/2021.
- Created by
- Rukaiya Doctor
- Views
- 5
- Rating