Flashcards
Genetic variation
Cards in this deck (55)
- 1EvolutionGradual modification of a species over a long period of time or the 'rapid' formation of a distinct new species
- 2PhenotypeAppearance of a trait in an organism; results from the interaction between genotype and the environment
- 3Mutationsudden change in the the genetic make-up of an organism; involves a change at the level of a chromosome or an individual gene
- 4Mitosisdivision of the nucleus of a cell leading to the formation of two daughter cells, each with an identical set of chromosomes
- 5Disruptive SelectionSelection in which organisms at both ends of the range of variation are favoured
- 6Directional SelectionSelection in which organisms at one end of the range of variation are favoured
- 7Bottle neck effectreduction in genetic diversity in a gene pool; when a population is reduced to a few individuals
- 8Adaptioninherited feature that enables members of a species to live and reproduce in a habitat
- 9Speciesreproductive community within which gene flow can occur; basic unit of classification
- 10AlleleAn alternative for of a gene
- 11Speciationprocess of splitting one species into two
- 12Stabilising selectionselection against organisms at the extreme ends of the range of variation
- 13Selection pressureStrength of natural selection for or against a trait
- 14PopulationGroup of organisms from the same species living in the same defined location
- 15Artificial selectionThe breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits
- 16Immigrationmovement of some individuals of a population into a new area
- 17Founder effectrandom changes to a gene pool resulting from a few individuals establishing a new population
- 18Natural selectionOrganisms in a population which are best suited to conditions leave the most offspring
- 19Gene flowExchange of genes between different populations of a species, caused by migration followed by interbreeding
- 20Gene poolCollective genes of all members in a population
- 21Geneunit of inheritance; a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein
- 22GenotypeAlleles an organism possesses for a trait
- 23MeiosisType of cell divison which produces four gametes, each with only half the normal number of chromosomes, each gamete has a different set of genes
- 24Genetic driftRandom changes in the frequences of alleles in small populations
- 25Genetic equilibriumthe condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation
- 26Homologous pairpair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined to together at the centromere containing the exact same gene - although may have different alleles of these genes, Position (loci) and size
- 27Gene frequencyproportion of a particular allele among all allele copies being considered
- 28Mate selectionevolutionary process in which selection, normally of a male mate by a female chooser, is dependent on the attractiveness of his phenotypic traits
- 29Independent assortmentformation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes
- 30Recombinationthe rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms
- 31Variationdifferences between individuals or to differences between populations
- 32Allele frequencythe proportion of a particular allele among all allele copies being considered
- 33Comparative anatomystudy of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
- 34Comparative embryologycompares and contrasts embryos of different species
- 35Fossilthe remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form
- 36Vestigial organsA rudimentary structure in humans corresponding to a functional structure or organ in ancestral animals
- 37Dominanttraits that are expressed or seen when a heterozygous genotype is present
- 38Heterozygoustwo different alleles for a gene
- 39Homozygoustwo of the same allele
- 40Monohybrida hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene
- 41Recessivean allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
- 42Sex chromosomea chromosome concerned in determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds
- 43Test crossan experimental mating test used to determine what alleles are present in the genotype
- 44Autosomeany chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
- 45Centromerethe point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fibre during cell division
- 46Chiasmaa point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands
- 47Chromatideach of the two thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division
- 48Chromosomea thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
- 49Crossing overthe exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring
- 50Dihybrida hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes
- 51GameticOccurs in reproductive cells
- 52Haploidhaving a single set of unpaired chromosome
- 53Heritabletransmissible from parent to offspring
- 54Locusspecific location or position of a gene on a chromosome
- 55SomaticOccurs in body / somatic cells, cannot be passed through generations
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- Flashcards on Genetic variation, created by Olivia McKenzie on 30/08/2015.
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- Olivia McKenzie
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