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Description
Flashcards by laura russo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by laura russo
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 3 Main People | Marx Durkheim Weber |
| Sociology | behavioral science |
| Sociological Perspective | cause of behavior in society -> how society influences behavior (ex crime = social problem) have to take in external factors |
| Traditional Societies | bonds, religion, tradition |
| Modern Society | more problems - weaker bonds, crime, drug addiction, fam problems, suicide |
| Culture | society's values and beliefs ~communicated symbolically |
| Inductive Fallacy | making broad conclusions based on little knowledge |
| Karl Marx | critic of capitalism theory of Alienation |
| Alienation | ~Marx ~individuals in society feel disconnected bc work gave people meaning in life ~industrial rev lessened jobs -> people feel alienated ~traditional societies less likely to experience alienation |
| Class Conflict | fault line between capitalists and workers - new set of mechanisms that can be used to exploit |
| Durkheim | developed sociology Anomie |
| Anomie | "norm-less-ness" cannot have society without norms - norms in society become weakened - human beings require meaning, structure, and purpose - is society lacks this, humans feel misplaced |
| Collective Consciousness | results when everyone has similar experiences, things don't vary much (trad), you will never doubt your place in society (no concept of the individual) |
| Solidarity vs Collective Consciousness | In mod societies, people are more likely to experience anomie due to solidarity In trad societies, everyone has similar experiences and thus feel more connected, less anomie |
| The Enlightenment | faith vs reason ~people don't have uniform experiences -> anomie -> uniformity is gone -> behavior much less predictable |
| Weber | adds more sociological foundation to Marx's ideas alienation |
| Alienation (Weber's addition) | bc of the bureaucracy, humans go from being unique subjects to objects (dehumanized) |
| Bureaucracy | a way something is organized to maximize efficiency - who you are as an individual is irrelevant |
| Socialization | concepts of the self, identity you are who society says you are |
| Symbolic Interaction | behaving based on how one believes others perceive them |
| Looking Glass Self | a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others |
| Taking the Role of the Other | looking at your past self through the POV of the people you were interacting with |
| Agents of Socialization | family, peers, school, media |
| Deviance | a violation of a cultural norm society's reaction to the behavior, not the behavior itself |
| Sanctions | society's reaction two types: informal and formal |
| Informal Sanction | informally letting you know your action is deviant - people getting mad, rolling their eyes enough to keep people in check |
| Formal Sanction | usually involves crime gov/state gets involved can go to jail |
| Crime | a threat to public safety two types: property crime and crime against persons |
| Root Causes of Crime | Shows connection between what happens in society and crime (Strain Theory, Control Theory, Differential Association, Labeling Theory) |
| Deterrence | deter people from making crime by threatening severe punishment (not very effective) |
| Strain Theory | society must provide opportunites to achieve goals in order to be respected. when there are no opps -> strain = higher chance of people will give in to innovations such as crime |
| Anomie + Strain Theory | higher strain = higher anomie = higher likelihood of innovation |
| Control Theory | social integration - if a person is socially integrated, they are less likely to commit crime |
| External Controls | (Control Theory) outside prevention of not committing crime - not wanting to get caught |
| Internal Controls | (Control Theory) moral reason for not committing crime, not wanting to cause harm (if you have a job - more socially integrated - lower risk) |
| Differential Association | Socialization - risk of getting involved in crime depends on how you were socialized - are you able to commit crime? |
| Labeling Theory | if society labels you a criminal, you are more at risk to commit crime (very pronounced racial and social class bias) |
| Intervention | leads to prevention which leads to public safety |
| Conflict Theory | 1) power is fundamental 2) power is always unequally distributed between dominant and subordinate causes built in conflict |
| Social Control | preserving the prevailing structure of power two types: direct and indirect |
| Direct Control | ~force, violence, coercion ~sub groups always in state of being provoked ~takes a lot of effort, not most effective |
| Indirect Control | ~manage to get sub groups to consent to their group in society ~cultivation of the Perception of Legitimacy |
| Perception of Legitimacy | as far as you're concerned, society is just |
| War on Drugs (1986) | not about drugs, but social control over people who are involved with drugs. ~threatening thing - defined as legit threatening for everyone - becomes criminalized 1971-2012 - prisons increased over 800% |
| Recidivism | people who are released from prison that end up back in prison "revolving door phenomenon" |
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