Flashcards
Zoology exam 2
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1Arthopoda SubphylaChelicerata
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Crustacea - 2Chelicerata classes to knowMerostomata (horseshoe crab)
Arachnida (spiders, mites, scorpions, ticks) - 3Myriapoda classes to knowChilopdoa (centipedes)
Diplopoda (millipedes) - 4Hexapoda class to knowInsecta
- 5Types of metamorphism in insectsHolometabolous (88%)- distinct morphological changes in life (butterfly)
Hemimetabolous- gradual modification in each phase (beetles) - 6How do insects flyDirect flight- elevator and depressor muscles (dragonfly)
Indirect flight- vertical and longitudinal muscles pull thorax (fly) - 7Types of mouthparts on insectsChewing mandibles, those that eat vegetation or other animals (grasshopper)
Sucking, those that feed on blood or nectar (mosquitos, butterfly)
Sponging, those that sponge up food (fly) - 8Pros of a hard exoskeleton (chitin and protein)Protection
Prevent desiccation
Muscle attachment/movement
Ecdysis (molting)
Hard structures (chewing and crushing) - 9Cons of exoskeletonCan't get very large if on land
Molting requires a lot of energy - 10Stages of EcdysisPre-molt (old cuticle digested)
Underlying endocuticle begins to grow
Old cuticle splits
New cuticle inflated w/ air or water - 11Types of respiration in ArthropodaGills in aquatic (Crustacea and horseshoe crabs)
Tracheal system and book lungs in terrestrial - 12Caste system and what insects use itDistinct roles and morphologies in a colony-- usually one reproducing queen, workers, and soldiers
Bees and leaf-cutter ants are eusocial - 13Value of bees and pollinators and threats to themResponsible for millions in agriculture and plant reproduction
Colony collapse disorder (20-25% loss)
Disappearance of worker bees despite lots of stored food; caused by pesticides, stress, parasites, pathogens - 14Why are leaf cutter ants "farmers:They have a symbiotic relationship with a fungus, which they keep fed and clean and in turn feed their larvae with it
- 155 Chordate characteristicsPharyngeal slits
Post-anal tail
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
Notochord
Endostyle/thyroid - 16Chordata SubphylaUrochordata- sea squirts, tunicates
Cephalochordata- lancelets, amphioux
Vertebrata- reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds, mammals - 17Subphyla Urochordata characteristics(sea squirts and tunicates)
Sessile, non-living tunic surrounds body, believed to be most closely related to vertebrata. Have all chordate characteristics as larvae - 18Subphyla Cephalochordata characteristics(lancelets, amphioxus)
Use pharynx to filter-feed, segmented muscles, simple brain and sense organs, closed circulatory system for nutrient delivery (no heart) - 19Subphyla Vertebrata characteristics(reptiles, birds, mammals, fish, amphibians)
increased cephalization, vertebral column replaced notochord in some, cranium to protect brain, endoskeleton, paired limbs w complex muscles, muscular pharynx - 20Why is subphyla Vertebrata more diverse than other protochordate groupsHox genes give instructions for development-- allows for more structural diversity in this group
- 21What did Garstang's theory hypothesizePaedomorphosis (retaining larval features in a sexually mature adult) allowed for a tadpole to retain a tail and evolve into vertebrata
Adult axidian -> tadpole larva -> Paedomorphic vertebrate ancestor-> Ostracoderm - 22What is paedomorphosisThe retention of larval traits in a sexually mature adult (ex- larval gills remain on salamanders throughout adulthood)
- 23Phylum Annelida ClassesSedentaria (oligochaetes)
-> Clitellata
---> Hirudinidae
Errantia (polychaetes) - 24Significance of a trochophore larva-allows for greater reproductive success
-evidence for close relationship w mollusks
-prevents self-fertilization - 25How do errant polycheates reproduceSimultaneous reproduction in which they synchronously release gametes. External fertilization and non-permanent gonads
Epitoke-sexually ripe
Atoke- sexually unripe - 26How do metanephridia workWork to collect waste out of organism by directing them down nephrostomes; somewhat works like a kidney
- 27What are parapodiaUsed for locomotion and respiration. Highly vascularized
- 28Advantages of having a body cavityAllows organs to grow and move
Hydrostatic skeleton
Allows better circulation of nutrients and waste - 29Characteristics of nematodesBilateral symmetry and triploblastic
Pseudocoelom - 30Echinoderm ClassesAsteroidea (sea stars)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Holoidea (sea cucumber)
Echinoidea (sand dollars)
Crinoidea (primitive) - 31Class Aseroidea characteristicsSea stars
Water vascular system
Madreporite
Tube feet - 32Echinoderm characteristicsDueterostomes
Marine- no osmoregulation
sessile or slow moving
Secondary radial (pentaramous) symmetry
Larvae are bilateral
Diffusion based respiration
Dioecious, generally external fertilization
Autotomy- regeneration of body parts
Catch connective tissue - 33Class Ophiuroidea characteristicsBrittle stars
Round body w 5 arms
No pedicellariae
No anus, madreporite, or oral surface
5 moveable plates = jaws
Tube feet wo suckers
Bursae - 34Class Echinoidea characteristicsSea urchins and sand dollars
Endoskeleton/test made of dermal ossicles
5 part body plan- no arms
'Regular' (sea urchin) and 'Irregular' (sand dollar)
Spines and pedicellariae
Aristotle's lantern- feeding apparatus - 35Class Holothuroidea characteristicsSea cucumbers
Soft, leathery bodies
Ossicles in body wall
Secondarily bilateral
Lay on bottom- tube feet only on contact side
Oral tentacles
Respiratory tree - 36Class CrinoideaPrimitive echinoderm
Leathery body disc
Flexible arms
Branched arms- lateral pinnules
Sedentary forms have long jointed stalk - 37How does water vascular system workCentral ring canal and radial canals extend along each arm; water circulates through structures allowing for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange. Madreporite regulates water in system
- 38Subphylum TrilobitaExctinct 200-250mya
No mandibles
Biramous appendages
Antennae
Cephalon and trunk
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- Biology Flashcards on Zoology exam 2, created by Samantha Riley on 19/10/2023.
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