Flashcards
Biology chapter 34
Cards in this deck (59)
- 1What does not have jaws?Scavangers
- 2The earliest vertebrates/craniates were probably something like modern hagfish: __________.Myxini
- 3Jawless fish has a well developed head with sensory organs and brain encased in a skull. Examples: hagfish and lampreysCyclostomata
- 4Have mineralized teeth and armor plates; cartilaginous vertebrae and skull.Lampreys
- 5Fossiled fish is an example of gnathostomes since 470 Myplacoderms
- 6sense vibration in water ("hear") a system of gnathostomeslateral line system
- 7These organisims have unmineralized skeletons and their buoyancy is used by strong oil in its liver:still denser than water. Example: sharks and raysChondrichthyes
- 8These organisms have retain mineralized skeletons, buoyancy using lungs/swim bladder also known as "bony fish"Osteichthyes
- 9Differences between Osteichthyes and ChondrichthyesOsteichthyes: bony, swim bladder.
Chondrichthyes: cartilage, oil. - 10Osteichthyans have one clade of ray-finned fishesActinopterygii
- 11Osteichthyans have one clade of lobe-finned fishes (and tetrapods)Sarcopterygii
- 12Pectural and pelvic fins with rod-shaped bones surrounded by musclesLobe-fins
- 13One of the three clades of Sarcopterygians (lobe-fins) thought to have been extinct for 75 My until 1938 also known as Latimeia.coelacanths
- 14One of the three clades of Sarcopterygians (lobe-fins) known to be freshwater in south america, Africa, and australlia.Lungfishes
- 15One of the three clades of Sarcopterygians (lobe-fins) known as amphibians, reptiles (including birds), & mammals, they are also known as "four legs".Tetrapoda
- 16One of the three orders of amphibians that includes salamanders; "tailed"order urodele
- 17One of the three orders of amphibians that includes frogs and toads; "no tail"order Anura
- 18One of the three orders of amphibians that includes caecilians; "no legs"order apocla
- 19What does amphibious mean?"lives on land and in water"
- 20some of these things are fully aquatic, others fully terrestrial; often aquatic larval stage (tadpole), metamorphosis to terrestrial adult; eggs dry out quickly; must be wet or at least moist: external fertilization, reproduction tided to water.Amphibious
- 21What was a major innovation that got tetrapods fully on to land?amniotic egg
- 22Amniotic eggs have four membranes one of them has a set of fluid-filled membranes called?amnion
- 23What are the two extant clades of amniotes?Reptiles (including birds) and mammals
- 24Amniotic eggs have four extra embryonic memebranes calledAmnion, chorion, yolk sacs, allantois
- 25One of the amniotic eggs holds an embryo in fluid and has buffers against drying and shock called what?Amnion
- 26One of the amniotic eggs is used for gas exchange it is called what?chorion
- 27One of the amniotic eggs is used for nutrient storage is called what?yolk sacs
- 28One of the amniotic eggs is used to create compartment for waste is called what?allantois
- 29There is one more form of amniotic eggs that is also called "egg white" plus shell: calcified or leathery called?albumen
- 30*Amniotes have an egg that protects embryo, and allows for ___________ ____ ____ _____.*development away from water
- 31A clade of Diapsids involves dinosaurs (+ birds), crocodiles, turtles(maybe) is called what?archosaurs
- 32A clade of diapsida involves lizards, snakes, and tuataras is called what?lepidosaurs
- 33A clade of living amniotes involves mammals and extinct lineages is called what?synapsids
- 34What is responsible for retaining moisture in reptiles?keratin
- 35What is it called when reptiles lay shelled eggs on land and internal fertilization?Oviparous
- 36What reptiles have embryo retained in mother (no shell)?viviparous
- 37What is it called when something is body heated by the environment?ectothermic
- 38What is it called when an organism use lighter metabolism to generate heat?endothermic
- 39What is represented from 230-65 My by dinosaurs and includes birds?crocodilians
- 40What are the two major lineages of dinosaurs?Orinthischian and Saurischian
- 41What are therapies?things like T-rex's
- 42Some species of this have feathers, made of keratin; light-weight for insulation, coloration; feathers evolved before flight.Therapods
- 43What is it called when a bird has a high metabolim to power flightendothermic
- 44Examples of ratitesostrich, emu, rhea, etc.
- 45What produces milk in mammals?mammary glands
- 46A trait of mammals that involves hairhair and subcutaneous fat help retain endothermic heat
- 47A trait of mammals have what involving teeth?differentiated teeth
- 48What are egg-laying mammals with no nipples called?monotremes
- 49What are mammals with a pouch (do have a single placenta) called?marsupials
- 50What are the placental mammals called?eutherians
- 51What is the clades involoving monkeys and apes (including humans) called?anthropoids
- 52Something that humans have that allows them to grap and control their movements with their hands.opposable thumbs
- 53An extinct species that are more closely related to humans than to chimpanzeesHominins
- 54What is the study of human orgins is called what?paleoanthropology
- 55An extinct species of humans known as "handy man"(2.4 My) and a large brain (700 cm^3).Homo habilis
- 56An extinct species of humans known comes from (1.9 My), and an even larger brain (400 cm^3); more complex stone tools, food preparation; males and females are more similar in size.Homo ergaster
- 57An extinct species of humans known comes from (1.8 My); first species to leave Africa, and throughout EurasiaHomo erectus
- 58What was the species of that lived 200,000-28,000 years ago; brain as large as modern humans (1,300 cm^3); buried dead, hunting tools of wood & stone.Homo neanderthalensis
- 59A species of human that was also known as "wise men"; our species; oldest fossils: 195,000 y in Africa; more sophisticated: made art.Homo sapiens
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- Biology Flashcards on Biology chapter 34, created by Ashleigh McDevitt on 18/03/2024.
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