Flashcards
Astronomy
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1Atomic SpectrumThe unique pattern of light wavelengths given off by each
element in the Periodic Table - 2Big Bang TheoryThe theory that all of the energy and matter in the universe
began in a single tiny point, and rapidly expanded to create the
universe we see today - 3Black HoleThe collapsed core of a large star containing the mass of three
or more Suns in a tiny space, creating such intense gravity
that even light cannot escape - 4Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)A very faint ‘glow’ of light in the microwave wavelength found
throughout the universe, remnant of the light released when
the first atoms formed 380,000 years after the big bang - 5EarthThe largest terrestrial planet and the third planet in the solar
system, Earth has an atmosphere of mostly nitrogen, with
some oxygen created by living organisms - 6JupiterJupiter is the largest planet and the fifth planet in the solar
system. It is a gas giant: hydrogen and helium with
a tiny core. Its deep atmosphere is filled with
storms that swirl across its surface - 7MarsMars is the fourth terrestrial planet. It has a thin CO2
atmosphere, and must have been geologically active in the
past because its surface is covered by enormous volcanoes
and valleys - 8MercuryMercury is the smallest terrestrial planet and the closest
planet to the Sun. Because its gravity isn’t strong enough to
hold onto an atmosphere (and trap heat), the surface varies
from 400C in the day to -180C at night - 9NebulaA cloud of dust and gas in space, the place where stars begin
to form - 10NeptuneNeptune is the eighth planet. It has an atmosphere of
hydrogen and helium and a thick icy core. It is also extremely
cold (-218°C) and sustains fierce winds up to 580 m/s - 11Neutron StarThe collapsed core of a large star containing the mass of less
than three Suns with the density of an atomic nucleus - 12PlanetAn astronomical object that orbits one or more stars but does
not create its own light - 13ProbeA space vehicle sent from Earth to orbit or fly past other
planets, carrying scientific instruments that measure and
record information for transmission back to Earth - 14Red DwarfA small red star that uses its hydrogen fuel slowly over
trillions of years - 15Red GiantA red star with that is cold but bright, forms when medium
mass stars (such as the Sun) are almost out of hydrogen ‘fuel’
for fusion - 16Red ShiftWhen objects are moving away from us, the light from those
objects is stretched and the wavelengths are elongated
toward the red end of the visible light spectrum - 17RoverA robot landed on other planets, carrying scientific
instruments that measure and record information for
transmission back to Earth - 18SaturnSaturn is the sixth planet. Only half the size of Jupiter, it is
also a gas planet made of hydrogen and helium. Saturn is
orbited by sixty moons and rings of ice and rock chunks - 19Solar SystemA star orbited by smaller planets which are all held together
by gravity - 20StarA giant ball of plasma that emits light and is fueled by fusion
reactions within its core - 21SupergiantA large white or blue star that is both very hot and very
bright, consuming its hydrogen fuel very quickly over several
million years - 22SupernovaAn explosion created when the core of a large star collapses,
the pressure allows the fusion of heavier elements and
triggers a chain reaction which causes the star to explode - 23TelescopeAn instrument that allows us to observe distant objects by
collecting and concentrating light. Scientific telescopes can
now observe the universe using every wavelength of light - 24TerraformingThe process of modifying the surface and atmosphere of other
planets so that they become more similar to Earth and
capable of sustaining life - 25UranusUranus is the seventh planet. It has an extremely cold
(-226°C) atmosphere of hydrogen and helium surrounding a
large water, ammonia, and methane ice core - 26VenusVenus is the second planet in the solar system. It has an
atmosphere of mostly CO2 that traps heat on the surface,
creating a massive greenhouse effect with surface
temperatures of 450C - 27White DwarfA small, hot core of a star, forms when a small to medium star
runs out of hydrogen and loses its atmosphere. The white
dwarf is not hot enough for fusion to continue, so it slowly
grows cold - 28Phase 1 of the universe0s - 1s
The universe rapidly expands and matter is so dense no subatomic particles form. All forces and physics are made. The universe starts to cool. - 29Phase 2 of the universe1s - 380,000 yrs
The universe continues to expand and cool so that subatomic particles can form and even atomic nuclei. The formation of atoms marks the end of this phase. The formation of atoms releases a large burst of light which is the CMB. - 30Phase 3 of the universe380,000 yrs - present
Gravity pulls matter together forming stars and eventually heavier elements due to fusion. - 31Population IIIThe first stars with very light elements like helium and hydrogen.
- 32Population IIThe second generation of stars formed from the heavier remnants of population III
- 33Population IThe most recent population of stars formed from the remnants of population II and with much heavier elements.
- 34The formation of solar systemsWhen stars are formed the remaining dust that has not been sucked into the star forms clumps which orbit the star and eventually become planets.
- 35Order of planets in our solar systemMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- 36Small Star<1 solar masses
- 37Medium Star>1 & <10 solar masses
- 38Large Star10+ solar masses
- 39Life cycle of small starsk
- 40Life cycle of medium starsk
- 41life cycle of large starst
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- Grade 10 Astronomy Flashcards on Astronomy, created by Anne Onomous on 11/06/2024.
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- Anne Onomous
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