Flashcards
geology 3
Cards in this deck (75)
- 1stratalayers of rock or soil
- 2foldsstrata that are deformed horizontally
- 3what happens when there is a slip along a fault plane?an earthquake occurs
- 4which type of geologic illustration shows a 3D view?block diagrams
- 5what is a cross section?diagram where the geologic info is showed in a vertical section
- 6older rocks are 1) below or 2) above younger rocks?below
- 7older beds dip 1) toward or 2) away from newer beds?toward
- 8anticline-convex folding
-oldest rocks in middle - 9syncline-concave folding
-youngest rocks are in middle - 10monocline-one-limbed fold
-uniform direction of strike
-variable angle of dip - 11anticlines look likean A for antic
- 12synclines look likethe Y in syncline
- 13faulta fracture or break in the earths crust
- 14inactive faultno movement has occured during historical timeline
- 15active faultmovement has occured sporadically during historical time
- 16faults cause rock masses on each side to do what?dislocate
- 17what happens when there is contact between fault formationsthey are terminated abruptly
- 18normal faulthanging wall has moved downrelative to footwall
- 19reverse faulthanging wall has moved upward relative to footwall
- 20dip-slip faultsvertical displacement, more and less paralell to the dip of the fault plane
- 21thrust faultlow angle reverse fault
- 22fault planethe plane on which the fault is occuring (a, b, c, d)
- 23net slipdisplacement along the fault plane is equal to the distance between x and y
- 24upthrown side(Block A or footwall) moved up with respect to Block B
- 25downthrown side(block B or hanging wall)
- 26fault traceintersection of the fault plane with the ground surface
- 27what type of fault is Anormal fault
- 28what type of fault is Breverse fault
- 29what fault is Dhorst
- 30what fault is Egraben
- 31what fault is Cstrike-slip fault
(right lateral) - 32strike-sliprelative horizontal displacement to the fault plane
- 33transform faultassociated with plate boundaries
- 34oblique-slip faulthave both vertical (dip-slip_ and horizontal (strike-slip)
- 35right-lateral faultdisplacement to the right as one looks across the fault
- 36left lateral faultmovement was to the left as you look across the fault
- 37horstupthrown block bounded on its sides by normal sides
- 38grabendownthrown block bounded on its sides by normal faults
- 39strikethe compass direction of the line formed by the intersection of the surface with a horizontal plane
- 40dipmeasured at right angles to the maximu angle of slop of a surface measured in a vertical plane downward from the horizontal and is measured in degrees
- 41which is shorter? dip or strikethe dip is the shorter limb
- 42—strike and dip
- 43—dip and strike
- 44older rocks are at the _____ elevationlower
- 45—faults
- 46seismologythe study of earth's elastic vibrations, the sources that generate them, and teh structures through which they propagate
- 47p waves are 1) first 2) secondfirst
- 48s waves are: 1) first 2) secondsecond
- 49p waves are ____ than s waves 1) smaller 2) biggersmaller
- 50s waves are ____ than p waves 1) smaller 2) biggerbigger
- 51the p wave will always arrive...first
- 52step one to find the distance from the epicentermake a mark on the ) and the x minute mark, and drag it out to the P and S lines.
- 53step one to find the distance from the epicenterwhere the width between the p and the s lines matches, those two marks on your paper, look at the x-axis value
- 54step three to find the distance from the epicenterthis x-axis value give us the distance from the epicenter (based on step 2)
- 55the distance from the epicenter value+the radius of a circle surronding each seismometer (seismometers are shown as green dots)
- 56the star isthe star is the earthquake epicenter
- 57radiushalf the circle
- 58diameterthe length of the full circle
- 59radius vs diameter?the diameter is the length of the whole circle
the radius is the length of half - 60the distance from the epicenter finds theradius
- 61the richter scale1: is light
7: is hard - 62what are the earth layers?Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core - 63put the earth layers in order, from top to middle: Mantle Outer Core Lithosphere Crust Inner COre AsthenosphereCrust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core - 64divergent plate boundary:-2 plates move away from each other
-new crust is created
-oceanic-oceanic: mid-atlantic ridge
-continental-continential: east african rift valley - 65subduction-2 plates move toward each other
-old crust is destroyed
oceanic-oceanic: aleutuan islands
continental-continental: himalayan mountains
continental-oceanic: andes mountains - 66subduction: 1) destroys old crust 2) creates new crustdestroys old crust
- 67divergent: 1) creates new crust 2) destroys old crustcreates new crust
- 68divergent: 1) plate boundaries move away 2) plate boundaries move to each othermove away
- 69subduction: 1) plate boundaries move away 2) plate boundaries move to each othermove towards each other
- 70transform: 1) plate boundaries slide past one another 2) plate boundaries move away from ach otherslide past each other
- 71earth is encompassed by a magnetic feildtrue
- 72normal polaritypoints from the south magnetic pole toward the north geographic pole (true north) because the magnetic poles are not coincident with the geopgraphic poles
- 73magnetic poles ____ over timeshift
- 74The rates of movement of crustal plates can be determined by using data from the plate margins along the mid-ocean ridges. How?(1) two points on adjacent diverging plates that were once at the same
geographic coordinates but have since moved away from each other
over a known distance
(2) the time required for the two points to move from their original
coincident position to their present positions - 75—
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- Geology Flashcards on geology 3, created by Evan M on 05/12/2024.
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- Evan M
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