Flashcards
Vertebrates Flash cards
Cards in this deck (58)
- 1CraniumBony, cartilaginous or fibrous structure that surrounds the brain, jaw, and facial bones
- 2Craniatesorganisms with a cranium
- 3VertebraeSeries of separate, irregularly bones that are joined together to create the backbone
the largest group of chordates - 4Gnathostomesposses jaw - includes fish and tetrapods
- 5Tetrapods4-footed, divided into amphibians and amniotes
- 6Jawless Fishhagfish and lampreys
have a distinct cranium, complex organs (eyes) - 7Agnathaancient lineage, defined by lack of jaw and lack of paired lateral appendages (fins)
- 8Myxinihagfish
Eel-like scavengers that live on the ocean floor
nearly blind - 9Slime glandsmucous coating
- 10Petromyzontidalampreys
extrinsic eye muscles
true cerebellum - 11Arcualiacartilaginous structures that form along the notochord of vertebrates
- 12Pectoral finsanterior body
- 13Pelvic finsposterior body
- 14Chondrichthyescartilaginous fish
sharks, rays, skates, sawfish
paired fins and skeleton made of cartilage
most are marine - 15Sharkscarnivores with abrasive skin
well developed sense of smell
swim continuously
internal fertilization; sexual repro - 16Placoid Scalestooth-like scales
origin of teeth - 17Ampullae of Lorenzinidetect electromagnetic field of living things
- 18Lateral Linerow of sensory organs used to detect movement in water
- 19Rays and SkatesFlattened bodies with fins fused to head
gill slits of ventral surface
skeleton made of cartilage - 20OsteichthyesBony Fish
vast majority of present day fish
bony skeleton
overlapping scales
air bladder - 21Ossified Skeletonspecialized bone cells
- 22Osteocytesa cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone
- 23Calcium phosphate matrixthe main inorganic component of bones and teeth
- 24Swim bladdergas-filled organ derived as a pouch from the gut that controls buoyancy
the gas is exchanged directly with the blood - 25Ray-finned fishTuna, bass, salmon, trout
ray of slender bones that support fins - 26Lobe-finned fishFleshy, lobed, supported by bones similar to early tetrapods - coelacanths
- 27Metamorphosiscomplex lifecycle
mix of terrestrial and aquatic reproductive phases - 28Lateral Undulationbend bodies side-to-side
- 29Spermatophoredeposited packet of sperm that is picked up and internalized by females
- 30Tadpolefilter feeding herbivore
gills, lateral line system, long finned tails, no limbs - 31Amniotic Eggterrestrially adapted egg
most have shells - 324 Extraembryonic membranes1. yolk sac
2. chorion
3. allantois
4. amnion - 33Yolk sacblood vessels transport nutrients to embryo
- 34Chorionfacilitates gas exchange
- 35Allantoisstores nitrogenous wastes and facilitates respiration
- 36Amnionprotects embryo from mechanical shock, supports hydration
(internal aquatic environment) - 37Albuminegg white
outside of chorion, provides water and protein - 38Tetrapods4 limbed organisms
- 39Ovoviviparouseggs remain in mother's body until they are ready to hatch
- 40Viviparousoffspring is born with live birth
- 41Scaly skinreduce water loss but require lungs
- 42ectothermiccold blooded
- 43brumationsimilar to hibernation but not asleep in cold weather
- 44Synapsidsone hole on both sides of their skull
includes the group that will give rise to mammals - 45SauropodsAnapsids and Diapsids
- 46AnapsidsAmniotes whose skull lacks one or more skull opening near the temples
- 47Diapsidsamniotes with two holes on each side of their skulls
- 48Temporal fenestraepost-orbital openings in skull
- 49Jackson's organroof of mouth evaluates sample of the environment
- 50Great dynamic expansionhelps the organism (snake) swallow prey
- 51Carapacedorsal shell, includes backbones and ribs
- 52plastronventral shell
- 53scuteskeratinous plates
- 54Homeothermicendothermy; elevated and constant body temp.
- 55contour feathersparallel barbs branching from central shaft
- 56secondary featherscloser to body, provide lift
- 57down feathersbarbules don't interlock - insulation (fluffy)
- 58primary featherstip of wing, provide thrust as wing moves downward
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- Biology (Vertebrates) Flashcards on Vertebrates Flash cards, created by Nina Weiland on 03/03/2025.
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- Nina Weiland
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