Flashcards
(f) Ch. 11 Terms
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Socio-Economic Statusa composite measure of social position that considers also power, occupational prestige and schooling
- 2Incomeoccupational wages or salaries, earnings from investments, and government transfer payments
- 3Wealththe total amount of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts
- 4Powerwealth is an important source of power
- 5Occupational Prestigeis a major determinant of income, wealth, and power
- 6Schoolingeducation often determines labour force participation, occupation, and income, so it is highly valued in industrial societies
- 7Ancestrybeing born into a particular family affects a person's opportunities for schooling, occupation, and income
- 8Race & Ethnicityhigher average incomes for Japanese, British and French vs. Chinese, Black, and Aboriginal
- 9Genderon average, women have less income, wealth, and occupational prestige than men
- 10Upper Class3-5% of population; most members of the upper-upper class ("high society") inherited their wealth; lower-upper class ("working rich") work at high-paying jobs
- 11Middle Class40-50% of population; have significant wealth and almost all attend university; average-middles have less prestige, do white-collar work, and are likely to be high school graduates
- 12Working Class30-35% of population; do blue-collar work; their children are less likely to attend university
- 13Lower Class20% of population; most people in the lower class lack financial security due to low income; many live below poverty line; some complete high school but university and college attendance is relatively rare
- 14Upward Social Mobilitywith college degree or higher-paying job; long-term trend in Canada has been upward
- 15Downward Social Mobilitydrop out of school, losing a job, business failure, or divorce
- 16Intragenerational Mobilitychange in social position during one person’s lifetime
- 17Intergenerational Mobilityupward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents
- 18Relative Povertydeprivation of some people in relation to those who have more
- 19Absolute Povertydeprivation of resources that is life-threatening
- 20Low-Income Cut-Off (LICO)people who spend at least 55% of pre-tax income for food, shelter, and clothing, varying by size of community
- 21The "Poor"formerly the elderly, now children; higher rates for poorly educated and for visible minorities and Aboriginals
- 22Feminization of Povertythe trend by which women represent an increasing proportion of the poor (like female single parents)
- 23Culture of Poverty Thesisstates that resignation (shortcomings in the poor themselves) leads to self-perpetuating cycle of poverty