4607622
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Trier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jennifer Trier
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| When a clot is no longer needed; FIBRIN is dissolved by | Plasmin |
| Cessation of bleeding | hemostasis |
| A total count above______wbcs/microliter is called leukocytosis | 10,000 |
| Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of | Pluripotent stem cells (ppsc) |
| The differential count of ____ typically increases in response to bacterial infections | Neutrophils (neutralize bacteria) |
| The most abundant agranulocytes | lymphocytes |
| Basophils | the least abundant formed elements |
| Why can't ab- donate blood? | antibodies in recipient will agglutinate RBCs in/of donor blood. |
| ABO blood type is determined by______in the plasma membrane of RBCs | glycolipids |
| Mother;s 1st pregnancy is normal but 2nd preg results in hemolytic disease of the newborn, or erythroblasts fetalis. 2nd child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is ___ and both children are likely_____ | rh- and rh+ |
| A deficiency of ___ can cause pernicious anemia | Vitamin b12 |
| What is the final product of the breakdown of the organinc non protein moiety of hemoglobin | bilirubin |
| ___is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors | Renal disease |
| this cannot lead to polycythemia | Iron deficiency |
| Many RBCs die in | spleen and liver |
| Most oxygen is transported bound to | heme groups in hemoglobin |
| myeloid hemopoesis in adults happens in the | red bone marrow |
| Tissues can become edematous when | there's a dietary protein deficiency |
| serum is just like plasma except the absense of | fibrinogen |
| _____ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure | A diet predominantly based on red meat |
| ___ is the most abundant protein in plasma | Albumin |
| The hematocrit is ____ of total blood volume | 37-52% |
| Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on it's target cell because of__________ | Enzyme amplification |
| enzymes are activated of deactivated by the action of protein kinases | The last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger |
| Diabetes insipidus is caused by | ADH hyposecretion |
| The ____ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia | Parathyroid |
| _____ Release their secretions into the blood | Endocrine glands |
| ____ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physiology | Paracrines |
| The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone | What makes the cell responsive to a particular hormone? |
| Thyrotropin- releasing hormone targets the______________? | Anterior- pituitary (adenohypophysis) |
| ADH(anti-diuretic hormone) targets the? | Kidneys |
| The ___ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of the lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T CELLS (WBCs) | Thymus |
| The ____ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness and quickens reflexes- stimulates the fetal nervous system. | Thyroid |
| Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover a piece of the _______(clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a _____ | Thrombus; embolus |
| Most clotting factors are synthesized in | The liver |
| _____carry O2-poor blood | Venae Cavae and pulmonary arteries |
| _____is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart | Parietal pericardium |
| O2 poor blood passes through | The right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve |
| Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by | Pressure gradients |
| The _____ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat. | Sinoatrial (SA) node |
| The pacemaker potential is a result of | Na+ inflow |
| The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of | Slow Ca2+ Channels |
| Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called | arrhythmia |
| If the SA node is damaged the heart will likely beat at____bpm | 40-50 |
| The_____ provides most of the CA2+ needed for myocardial contraction | sarcosplasmic reticulum |
| Atrial Systole begins | Immediately after the P wave |
| Atrial Depolarization CAUSES | The P Wave |
| The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes | Prevents tetanus |
| When the left ventricle contracts, the ___ valve closes and the ___ is pushed open | mitral; aortic |
| During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles | rises rapidly |
| Most of the ventricle filling occurs | during atrial diastole |
| The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called____ | The cardiac output |
| Cardio-inhibitory centers in the _______ receive input from ______ | Medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch |
| CHF in the right ventricle | causes systemic edema |
| Pericardial fluid is found between | the parietal and visceral membranes |
| the outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the ___ and in large arteries and veins contains the | tunica externa; vaso vasorum |
| Most blood is in the | veins |
| These are not possible circulatory routes | heart->arteries->capillary bed->vein-> capillary bed ->arteries ->heart |
| Vasomotion is assoiated with the presence of | smooth muscle in the tunica media |
| In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. Varicose veins are caused by | failure of veinous valves |
| The medulliary ischemic reflex results in | increased circulation in the brain |
| _____has the most important effect on blood velocity | Vessel Radius |
| Reactive Hyperemia is a result of _____to increase perfusion into a tissue | local control |
| All of these increase blood pressure except | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than; | 140/90 |
| ____ are powerful vasoconstrictors and ___also increases heart rate | epinephrine and angiotensin II |
| These are all mechanisms of movement through the capillary wall except | secretion |
| The most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary is | Blood hydrostatic pressure |
| _____ by the capillaries at their venous end | Waste products are taken up |
| The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary is | blood colloid osmotic pressure |
| ______ would NOT increase capillary filtration | Dehydration |
| _____ shock can be produced by a hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration | hypovolemic |
| _____ shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability | Septic |
| A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes ____and a ____ in arterial blood pressure. | vasodilation;decrease |
| myocardial infarction can lead to ______ shock | cardiogenic |
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