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Description
Flashcards by Francesca Wilson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Francesca Wilson
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Eukaryotic Cells | - Major organelles are contained within membranes - Have a proper nucleus - Usually have Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, Chloroplast etc. - Examples; Animals, Plants and Fungi |
| Prokaryotic Cells | - Contain no nucleus - No membrane-bound organelles - Unicellular organisms - Less complexed - Components float freely within cytoplasm - Examples: Bacteria and Archaea |
| What is the structure and function of the Plasma Membrane? | Structure: Found on surface of animal cells Function: Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, has receptor molecules |
| What is the structure and function of the Cell Wall? | Structure: Rigid structure mainly made of the carbohydrate cellulose Function: Supports plant cells |
| What is the structure and function of the Nucleus? | Structure: Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane) containing pores, chromatin and the nucleolus Function: Contains DNA to control the cell and releases RNA and produces ribosomes |
| What is the structure and function of the Lysosome? | Structure: Round organelle surrounded by a membrane Function: Contains digestive enzymes to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell |
| What is the structure and function of the Ribosome? | Structure: Very small organelle that either floats free in the cytoplasm or attached to RER Function: The site where proteins are made |
| What is the structure and function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)? | Structure: System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space. Surface covered in ribosomes. Folds and processes proteins. |
| What is the structure and function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)? | Structure: System of membranes enclosing fluid filled space. Function: Synthesises and processes lipids. |
| What is the structure and function of vesicles? | Structure: Small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane. Function: Transports substances, formed at golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum or the cell surface. |
| What is the structure and function of the Golgi Apparatus? | Structure: Group of fluid filled flattened sacks, vesicles often at the edge of the sacks. Function: Processes and packages new lipids and proteins, also makes lysosomes. |
| What is the structure and function of the Mitochondrion? | Structure: Oval-shaped, double membrane- inner folded into cristae which forms the matrix containing enzymes. Function: Site of aerobic respiration, ATP produced. |
| What is the structure and function of the Chloroplast? | Structure: Small, flattened structure found in plant cells, double membrane, thylakoid membranes are stacked up to from grana linked by lamellae. Function: Site of photosynthesis. |
| What is the structure and function of the Centriole? | Structure: Small, hallow cylinders containing a ring of micro tubules. Function: Involved with the separation of chromosomes during cell division. |
| What is the structure and function of the Cillia? | Structure: Small hair like structures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells. Outer membrane and 9-2 microtubules. Function: Microtubules allow cillia to move to move substances along the cell surface. |
| What is the structure and function of the flagellum? | Structure: Surrounded by plasma membrane with 9-2 microtubules. Function: Micrtotubes contract to make the flagellum move propels the cell forward. |
| Outline the four structures of the Cytoskeleton. | 1. Support - microtubules and microfilaments hold the organelles in place. 2. Strengthen the cell and maintain shape. 3. Transport organelles and material within the cell. 4. Move the cell. |
| Where is the DNA held in a prokaryotic cell? | No nucleus - DNA free in the cytoplasm |
| Where is the DNA held in an Eukaryotic cell? | Nucleus present - DNA is inside the nucleus. |
| Do prokaryotics have a cell wall? If so, what is it made of? | Yes, a polysaccharide called peptidoglycan. |
| Do Eukaryotics have a cell wall? If so what is it made of? | Animals = no cell wall. Plants = Cellulose cell wall. Fungi = Chitin cell wall. |
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