4976616
Description
Flashcards by Pip Fraggle, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Pip Fraggle
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Definition of immunology | The Study of the body's immune system response-it's resistance to and protection from disease and/or foreign substances |
| What are the two categories of immunity? | Non-specific and specific |
| Non-specific immunity | the body's natural defense |
| Specific immunity | acquired immunity as through innoculation |
| definition of antigen | a foreign substance or infectious agent that, when introduced to the body, elicits an immune response (antibody) specific to that substance |
| Definition of antibody | substances produced by the body's immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances (such as fungus, animal dander, or cancer cells) |
| Are antibodies specific? | yes |
| How do antibodies defend against infectious agents? | they attach to them which causes them to be destroyed by other immune system cells |
| Definition of autoimmune disease | when antibodies are produced against a person's own tissues |
| Which immunoglobin is the largest type of antibody? | IgM |
| What percentage of antibodies in the body do IgMs comprise? | normally 5%-10% |
| What might be indicated by high levels of IgM? | viral hepatitis, mononucleosis, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney damage, parasite infection, possible new infection |
| Which antibody is the first produced in response to an infection? | IgM |
| Which antibody is the type that form when an infection occurs for the first time? | IgM |
| What can be indicated by low levels of IgM? | leukemia |
| What are the smallest immunoglobins in the body? | IgG |
| What are the most abundant immunoglobins in the body? | IgG |
| What percentage of antibodies in the body do IgGs comprise? | 75%-80% |
| What are the only type of antibodies that can cross the placenta? | IgG |
| What might high levels of IgG imply? | chronic infection (AIDS), long-term hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, |
| What might low levels of IgG imply? | some types of leukemia, types of kidney damage |
| What substances do IgEs cause the body to react against? | pollen, fungus spores, animal dander |
| What type of immunoglobins are often increased in people with allergies? | IgE |
| What can high levels of IgE be indicative of? | parasitic infection, allergic reaction, asthma, atopic dermatitis, some types of cancer, some autoimmune diseases |
| Where can low levels of IgE occur? | a rare inherited disease that affects muscle coordinator |
| Which immunoglobin protects body surfaces that are exposed to outside? | IgA |
| What percentage of antibodies do IgAs account for? | 10%-15% |
| True or False: IgA can cross the placenta and are secreted in breast milk for the first couple of days? | False: IgA are secreted in breast milk but do not cross the placenta |
| What would an increase of IgAs possibly signify? | rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, cirrhosis, long term hepatitis |
| What might low levels of IgAs signify? | some types of leukemia, kidney damage, problem with intestines |
| What are people born with low or absent levels of IgA at risk for? | developing an autoimmune disease |
| What are common tests for Immunology? | Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST), allergy testing, mono spot or titer, influenza, HIV, hepatitis, varicella, West Nile, Syphilis |
| What tube is used for drawing innunology tests? | SST or sometimes it is said just Red since the gel in SSTs could interfere with the test. |
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