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Flashcards

Cranium

Iris Masaryk Radiology AS - Level English 23 cards

Cards in this deck (23)

  1. 1AML EAM IOML OML SOMLAcanthomeatal Line- achoo spot
    External acoustic meatus-
    infraorbital line- below eye
    orbitalmeatal line- pupil to pupil
    supraorbital margin line- right above eye
  2. 2Cranium, PA & PA axial 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Caldwell Method
    2. Pt. seated upright or prone
    3. Have pt. rest head on forehead and nose. Position midsagittal plane perpendicular to midline of grid device. OML is perpendicular to IR.
    4. PA: perpendicular to IR, exiting nasion
    Caldwell method: Angle 15 degrees caudad, exiting nasion.
    Center IR to CR.
    If pt. is obese or hypersthenic, a sponge may be needed under forehead
  3. 3Cranium, AP & AP axial 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. supine
    3. Position midsagittal plane and OML perpendicular to IR. Place arms at side or across chest.
    4. AP: Perpendicular to nasion
    AP Axial: angle 15 degrees cephalad
    Center IR to CR
  4. 4Cranium, Lateral 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright or semiprone
    3. Position midsagittal plane parallel to IR. IOML is perpendicular to front edge of IR. Interpupillary is perpendicular to IR.
    4. Perpendicular entering 2 in. superior to EAM. Center IR central ray.
  5. 5Cranium, AP axial 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Towne Method
    2. Pt. seated upright or supine
    3. Center midsagittal plane to midline of grid device, adjust to make perpendicular. Have pt. flex neck, and adjust OML perpendicular to IR. When pt. can't flex neck, place IOML perpendicular. Place top of IR at level of cranial vertex.
    4. Direct through foramen magnum with caudal angle of 30 degrees to OML or 37 degrees to IOML. CR enters about 2 1/2 in. superior to glabella and passes through level of EAM.
  6. 6Cranium, PA axial 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Haas Method
    2. Pt. seated upright or prone
    3. have pt. rest head on forehead and nose. Place arms in comfortable position.
    Adjust shoulders to lie in same transverse plane. Adjust head so that midsagittal plane and OML are perpendicular to IR.
    4. Direct 25 degrees cephalad, entering 1 1/2 in. inferior to external occipital protuberance and exiting 1 1/22 in. superior to nasion.
  7. 7Cranium, Submentovertical 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Schuller Method
    2. pt. seated upright at head unit or supine on elevated table support.
    3. Pt. extend neck and rest head on vertex. Center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR. Adjust IOML parallel to plane of IR if possible. Immobilize head.
    4. Direct through sella turcica perpendicular to IOML entering between angles of mandible. CR passes through a point 3/4 in. anterior to level of EAM.
  8. 8Facial Bones, Lateral 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright or semiprone
    3. Position zygomatic bone to center of grid. Adjust midsagittal plane parallel to IR.
    IOML is parallel to transverse axis of IR. Interpupillary line is perpendicular to IR.
    4. Perpendicular entering lateral surface of zygomatic bone hhalfway between outer canthus and EAM. Center IR to CR.
  9. 9Facial Bones, Parietoacathial 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Waters Method.
    2. Pt. seated upright or prone.
    3. Center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR, and have pt. rest head on extended chin. Hyperextend neck and adjust OML to form 37 degree angle to IR plane. Mentomeatal line is about perpendicular to IR. Pt.'s nose ise about 3/4 from grid device. Center IR to acanthion.
    4. Perpendicular, exiting acanthion.
  10. 10Facial Bones, Acanthoparietal 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Reverse waters method
    2. pt. supine
    3. center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR. Adjust extension of neck so that OML forms 37 degree angle with plane of IR. If necessary, place a support under pt's shoulders to help extend neck. Mentomeatal line is about perpendicular to plane of IR. Adjust head so that midsagittal plane is perpendicular to plane of IR.
    4. Perpendicular to enter acanthion. Center IR to CR.
  11. 11Nasal Bones, Lateral 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. pt. seated upright or semiprone
    3. Center nasion to IR. Adjust midsagittal plane parallel to IR. IOML is parallel to transverse axis of IR. Interpupillary line is perpendicular to IR.
    4. perpendicular, entering 1/2 in. distal to nasion. Ensure that collimation is close.
  12. 12Zygomatic Arches, Submentovertical 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright or supine or elevated table support.
    3. Hyperextend neck, and have pt rest head on vertex.
    Center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR.
    Adjust IOML parallel to IR if possible.
    4. Perpendicular to IOML, entering midway between zygomatic arches. CR enters about 1 in. posterior to outer canthi.
  13. 13Zygomatic Arch, Tangential 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. pt. seated upright or supine on elevated table support.
    3. Hyperextend neck, have pt, rest head on vertex.
    Center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR.
    Adjust IOML as parallel as possible to IR.
    Rotate midsagittal plane 15 degrees toward side being examined then tilt top of head about 15 degrees away from side being examined so CR is tangent to zygomatic arch.
    Center zygomatic arch to IR.
    4. Perpendicular to IOML, entering affected zygomatic arch at a point 1 in. posterior to outer canthus.
  14. 14Zygomatic Arches, AP Axial 1. Alternate name* 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray1. Modified Towne Method
    2. Pt, seated upright or supine
    3. Center midsagittal plane to grid device and adjust to perpendicular position.
    Flex neck and adjust OML perpendicular to IR.
    4. Angle 30 degrees caudad, entering glabella about 1 in. superior to nasion. (Direct 37 degrees caudad if IOML is perpendicular to IR).
    Center IR to central ray.
  15. 15Mandibular Rami, PA 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt seated upright, or prone.
    3. Have pt. rest forehead and nose on grid device.
    Adjust head so that midsagittal plane is perpendicular to IR.
    OML is perpendicular to IR
    4. Perpendicular to exit acanthion.
    Center IR to CR
  16. 16Mandibular Rami, PA Axial 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright or prone
    3. Position midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR
    OML is perpendicular to IR
    Have pt rest forehead and nose on IR holder.
    4. Angle 20-25 degrees cephalad, exiting at acanthion..
    Center IR to CR.
  17. 17Mandible, Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique 1. Alternate name 2. Pt. Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright, semisupine, or semiprone
    3. Place head in lateral position with interpupillary line perpendicular.
    Extend neck enough that long axis of mandibular body is parallel to transverse axis of IR, preventing superimposition of C-spine.
    If tabletop, position IR so complete body of mandible is positioned on IR
    Adjust rotation of head to area of interest is parallel to IR.
    (Ramus) keep head in true lateral
    (body) rotate head 30 degrees toward IR
    (symphysis) Rotate head 45 degrees toward IR
    4. Angle 25 degrees cehpalad to pass directly through mandibular region of interest.
  18. 18Temporomandibular Articulations, AP axial 1. Alternate name 2. Pt Position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright or supine.
    3. Adjust head so that midsagittal plane is perpendicular to IR.
    Flex neck to place OML perpendicular to IR.
    After first exposure with pt's mouth closed, do not permit pt. to move. Change IR, and make second exposure with mouth fully open.
    4. Angle 35 degrees caudal, centered to temporomandibular joints and entering about 3 in. superior to nasion.
    Center IR to CR
  19. 19Temporomandibular Articulation, Axiolateral oblique 1. Alternate name 2. Pt. position 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Position pt. seated upright or semiprone
    3. Center to a point 1/2 in. anterior to EAM to IR
    Rotate midsagittal plane 15 degrees toward IR
    Adjust AML parallel to transverse axis of IR
    Interpupillary line is perpendicular to IR
    After first exposure, do not permit pt. to move. Change IR and make second exposure with mouth fully open.
    4. Angle 15 degrees caudad, exiting temporomandibular joint closer to IR.
    CR enters 1 1/2 in superior to upside EAM.
  20. 20Paranasal Sinuses, Lateral 1. Alternate name 2. Pt. position 3. Part Position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright
    3. Adjust head to true lateral positiong
    Midsagittal plane is parallel to IR. (interpupillary line is perpendicular to IR)
    Adjust IOML horizontal and parallel to tranverse axis of IR.
    4. Horizontal and perpendicular, entering 1/2 to 1 in. posterior to outer canthus.
    Center IR to CR.
  21. 21Frontal and Anterior Ethmoidal Sinuses, PA Axial* 1. Alternate name 2. Pt. position 3. Part Position 4. Central Ray1. Caldwell Method
    2. Pt. seated upright
    3. Tilt vertical grid device down 15 degrees
    Have pt, rest head on forehead and nose
    position midsagittal plane perpendicular to midline of IR
    OML is perpendicular to IR
    OML is 15 degrees from horizontal CR.
    4. Horizontal to center of IR, exiting nasion.
  22. 22Maxillary Sinuses, Parietoacanthial* 1. Alternate name 2. pt. positon 3. part position 4. Central ray1. Waters Method
    2. Pt. seated upright
    3. Center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR and have pt. rest head on extended chin.
    Adjust OML to form a 37 degree angle to IR. Mentomeatal line is about perpendicular to IR
    Center IR to acanthion
    (Open mouth- pt fully open mouth to show sphenoid and maxillary sinuses)
    4. Horizontal and perpendicular to IR, exiting acanthion.
  23. 23Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal Sinues, Submentovertical 1. Alternate name 2. Pt. positon 3. Part position 4. Central Ray2. Pt. seated upright at head unit.
    3. Extend head and have pt rest it on vertex
    center and adjust midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR
    Adjust IOML parallel to IR
    4. Horizontal and perpendicular to iOML
    Central ray enters abut 3/4 in anterior to level of EAM

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Description
AS - Level Radiology Flashcards on Cranium, created by Iris Masaryk on 12/05/2016.
Created by
Iris Masaryk · May 2016
Updated
Aug 3, 2016
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